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1921, The Kid, the first feature film
by Charlie Chaplin.

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A century-old, timeless film.

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Who is Charlie in the story?

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The kid or the vagabond?

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All of Chaplin is there,
in Charlie's childhood,

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in the misery of England
from the end of the 19th century,

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in the underbelly of London.

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Chaplin's heart beats to the rhythm
wounds from his childhood,

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in the memory of humiliations
and deprivations, injustices

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and heartbreak.

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This scene will shake the world.

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Charlot is already immensely famous,

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but this film,
between laughter and tears,

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will popularize it
on the entire Earth.

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The best scenario
by Charlie Chaplin

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is that of his own destiny.

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This three meter attic
out of four is the replica of that

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as Charlie Chaplin
shared in London,

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at number 3 Pownall Terrace,
Kennington Road,

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with her mother Hannah
and his half-brother Sydney,

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after being tossed
from backyards to maid's rooms,

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in the streets
always more sinister.

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Chaplin will often reconstruct
the setting of his young years.

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A universe like Charles Dickens,
a rich country populated by poor people.

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"That was the London
from my childhood,

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"the one of my dreams
and my disillusionments.

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"An incredible era of extreme
wealth and extreme poverty.

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This is the reality

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who is at the origin
of Chaplin's political consciousness

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and the very source of all his work.

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This man's miserable childhood

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which would soon become
the richest actor in the world.

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Charles Spencer Chaplin
was born in 1889.

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His parents
are music hall artists,

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but they were never filmed.

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Their love does not last.

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Charlie is one year old
when they separate.

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The father, Charles Senior,
earns a comfortable living,

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but he almost never pays
his alimony.

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Charlie will be raised by his mother,
Hannah Hill.

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"I barely knew
that I had a father

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"and I don't remember
that he had ever lived with us.

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"My mother said
that he looked like Napoleon.

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"The misfortune was that he drank too much

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"and he died drunk
at the age of 37."

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Charlie and his older brother
love their mother passionately.

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A mother with blue, blue-violet eyes,

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and with long light brown hair,
petite and attractive.

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Actress, impersonator,

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singer and dancer,

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her stage name is Lily Harley.

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But it appears below
and much smaller

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than that of Charlie's father.

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However, Hannah is gifted.
But his voice is fragile.

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One evening it breaks
in the middle of a song.

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Charlie is backstage.

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At short notice, he replaces her.

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He is acclaimed, he is five years old.

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Hannah Hill
will never find his voice again.

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Without a contract,
it is closer to religion,

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sells his belongings and jewelry,

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rent a sewing machine
and lives on small needlework.

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But the monthly payments
are too heavy

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and the machine
will soon be taken back from him.

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Hannah and her sons then live
a joyless twilight.

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"We lived
parish charity,

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"soup vouchers and parcels
sent by works.

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"We breathed sadness,

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"but my mother always decided
on its middle,

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"keeping an attentive ear
the way we spoke,

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"correcting our grammar mistakes

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"and giving us the impression
that we were distinguished."

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A distinction
which will be found intact

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in the character of Charlot,

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almost aristocrat
in his vagabond clothes.

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Throughout his childhood, Charlie observed
his mother, his model.

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Her mother herself imitated and mimed
passers-by, neighbors,

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tireless storyteller.

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"My mother was one of the greatest
pantomime performers

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"that I have ever seen.

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“It’s by listening to it
and looking at her

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"that I learned not only
to express my emotions

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"with my hands and my face,

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"but also to observe
and study people.

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"Mom lit for me
the most generous flame there is.

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"If I have achieved anything,
I owe it to her.”

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But this beloved mother

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is reached
of growing mental disorder.

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"My mother, so cheerful,
so full of enthusiasm,

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"how could she
go crazy?

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"I had the impression
that she had abandoned us."

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She is locked up
in a padded cell,

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shock treatment.

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At six years old,
Charlie is placed in hospice,

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separated from his brother
which is in another building.

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Six years old, the Kid's age.

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Charlie goes to school.

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"I was taught to write my name,
Chaplin.

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"Chaplin, the word fascinated me
and I thought he looked like me."

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His short studies
will not be a revelation.

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Charlie hardly tastes
to teaching methods.

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He plays hooky from school.

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At the end of his life, he confided:

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"If only someone
had taken a little trouble,

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"if I had been taught
the music of poetry,

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"maybe I could have
become a scholar."

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Charlie Chaplin's childhood
looks like that of Oliver Twist.

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He wanders from homes to dispensaries,
boarding in orphanages,

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sometimes sleeping outside,

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then finding his mother,
taken from her insane asylum

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for brief periods of remission.

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Incessant comings and goings.

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Like in a game of goose,

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the last throw of the dice
refers to the hospice.

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Poverty carries with it

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his procession of humiliations
and mockery.

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Left to his own devices,
Charlie isolates himself to cry,

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don't speak to anyone anymore,

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he doesn't dare eat the food
that we offer him,

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ashamed of hunger.

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But Charlie is resourceful.

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Since he dropped out of school,
he takes on odd jobs,

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so many professions practiced later
by his character of Charlot.

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Jobs
from which he is often dismissed,

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sometimes after half a day.

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Of all these professions,
the only one Charlie really dreams of,

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it is that of his parents, an artist.

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This will will not leave him.

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Much later,
he will say to his eldest son:

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"Even when I was
in an orphanage,

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"that I wandered the streets
looking for food,

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"I thought I was
the greatest actor in the world.

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"I had to keep
this exuberance

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"which comes from
of absolute self-confidence.

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“Without it, we are heading for defeat.”

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The first real commitment
by Charlie Chaplin

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takes place when he is 10 years old,

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hired into the troop
of the Eight Guys of Lancashire.

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There, he learned to tap dance,

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and with his best friend,
he imagines a duet:

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Bristol and Chaplin,
millionaire bums.

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This project will not see the light of day,

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but Charlie continues tirelessly
his artistic dream.

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He dances, sings, mimes,

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invent gags.
He wants to be a comic juggler.

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He changes troops.

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At 14, he joined the theater

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where he performs
a newspaper seller.

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For the first time,
he has the right to his name in the press.

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And soon it's on display
of a successful play:

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Sherlock Holmes.
Three years of touring.

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From now on, Charlie earns his living.

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"I left
an existence of poverty

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"and I entered a dream,

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"a dream that my mother
often spoke to me,

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"which was his delight.

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"I was no longer one of those anonymous
who hang out in the suburbs.

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"I now belonged
in the world of theater.

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“I had become an actor.

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“I wanted to cry.”

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Theater and pantomime,

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Charlie is fascinated by this old
popular English tradition

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taken up by the London clowns.

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"I watched them do
holding my breath,

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"every one of their movements
was imprinted in my brain

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"like a photograph.

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"When I got home, I tried
to do everything exactly the same."

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One of the first trademarks
of the future Charlot will be born.

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It's in those circus years
and music hall,

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in chases,

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that he perfects his famous turns
hipped and at right angles.

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Of all the companies
music hall

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which flourish in England,

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that of Fred Karno
is the most famous.

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Karno, the boss of the Fun Factory,

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the king of English pantomime,
the laughter entrepreneur.

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No less than 10 regular troops
survey the country under his banner,

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also occurring across the Channel
and across the Atlantic.

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When Sydney,
who joined the company in 1906,

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recommend to bosses
his younger brother,

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Karno finds him too young,
too puny, too sullen,

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but nevertheless takes it to the test.

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Charlie enters the scene

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from behind, elegant,

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with a cane, he turns around.

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Immediate success.

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He is hired, he is 18 years old

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and do not delay in becoming a
star actors of the troupe.

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The meeting with Karno is decisive.

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His personality and his demands
impress Charlie.

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Fred Karno has flair
for talents,

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he knows his audience

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and exports its shows.

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Work efficiency
and finds.

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He has a sense of rhythm
and trade.

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Chaplin will remember
lessons from the boss.

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From the age of 19 to the age of 25,

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he will do his universities at Karno.

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He will remember it all his life.

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At 62 years old,

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he will pay homage
to his music hall years,

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this founding era

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where he took to the stage
small theaters in England.

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The greatest success on stage
by Chaplin, it's Mumming Birds.

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He's a worldly drunk
who goes to the theater.

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A character that he will resume in 1915
in his film Charlot au music hall.

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Chaplin plays two roles,

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an alcoholic dandy and a tramp
installed on the last balcony.

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A form of class struggle.

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But the poor guy is upstairs
and the rich man is below.

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It's thanks to Karno tours

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that Charlie undertakes
his first trip outside England.

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1908, Paris.

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Since always,
France makes him dream.

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He was born the same year
than the Eiffel Tower

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and he has a French name,

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Chaplin.

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His father's family
settled in England

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in the time of the Huguenots.

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The troupe performs for a whole month
at the Folies Bergère.

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Charlie is dazzled.
Parisian nights,

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the lights of the grand boulevards,
he is in heaven.

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"Paris was exactly
as I had hoped.

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"Monet's Paris,
of Pissarro and Renoir."

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A spectator wants to congratulate him:

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"You are instinctively
a musician and a dancer."

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Charlie doesn't know him,
his name is Claude Debussy.

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Chaplin will be inspired
of this worldly Paris

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when he made A Woman of Paris,
in 1923.

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After Paris,

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another dream won't be long
to come true, America.

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Charlie doesn't need to be asked
to join the troop that is embarking

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for a tour
in the New World.

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It was Sydney who had to leave,

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him that the Americans want.

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But Fred Karno needs
of his star in England.

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So, Charlie replaces his brother
and he is delighted.

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00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:43,680
He wants to forget his childhood
at Kennington Road,

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his mother's madness,
inequality and poverty.

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"I dreamed of leaving for America,

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"not only
for the exciting adventure,

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"but because it meant
for me

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00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:55,320
"a new beginning
in a new world."

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In America, anything is possible.

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He wants to settle there permanently.

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00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:14,840
And then, in New York,

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there are no social classes,
he then thinks.

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00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:37,640
The arrogance of skyscrapers
of Manhattan first frightens Chaplin.

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He has difficulty adapting
to the New York rhythm.

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00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:42,440
Paris was more welcoming,
more human.

251
00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:45,640
New York is a business city.

252
00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:47,040
This whirlwind confuses him.

253
00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:51,320
The Karno company
travels across America,

254
00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:53,600
from the east coast
to the plains of the Far West,

255
00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:55,080
from Canada to New Mexico.

256
00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:57,840
Two 22-week tours,

257
00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:01,680
three performances per day,
sometimes seven days a week.

258
00:20:04,720 --> 00:20:07,160
In the troop,
another young British actor

259
00:20:07,320 --> 00:20:10,920
is the same age as Charlie,
the same job and the same size.

260
00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:13,720
He will often be his understudy.

261
00:20:13,880 --> 00:20:16,000
His name is
Arthur Stanley Jefferson.

262
00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:18,080
A few more years

263
00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:21,000
and he will make a career
under the name Stan Laurel.

264
00:20:23,520 --> 00:20:26,520
Stanley remembers
of his stage companion.

265
00:20:26,680 --> 00:20:29,920
"We shared the same room
and I must say that he fascinated me.

266
00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:33,160
"Some days he wore
a very expensive bowler hat,

267
00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:35,440
"shoes with two-tone buttons,

268
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:39,080
"a chic suit, gloves
and he had a cane.

269
00:20:39,800 --> 00:20:41,760
“He took his violin everywhere.

270
00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:43,560
“Then he bought a cello.

271
00:20:44,120 --> 00:20:45,480
“The ropes were reversed.

272
00:20:45,640 --> 00:20:48,000
It allowed him
to play with the left hand.

273
00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:49,880
“He read constantly.

274
00:20:50,040 --> 00:20:51,920
"One day he tried Greek,

275
00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:54,240
"then he gave up and took up yoga.

276
00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:56,400
"We never knew
what he was going to do."

277
00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:02,240
Shy and lonely
approaching the representation,

278
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:04,880
Charlie becomes whimsical
and extravagant,

279
00:21:05,040 --> 00:21:07,120
as if he wanted
lose your identity.

280
00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:10,400
He is strange, unpredictable.

281
00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:12,760
And he stands out.

282
00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:15,680
While the Karno tour
does not meet with great success,

283
00:21:15,840 --> 00:21:17,280
Chaplin is spared.

284
00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:20,440
America likes it.

285
00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:22,600
"A reserve
of diabolical eccentricity",

286
00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:23,880
notes one critic.

287
00:21:24,040 --> 00:21:25,920
"All features
genius."

288
00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,080
Certainly,
Charlie is not like the others.

289
00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:39,240
Passing through San Francisco,

290
00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:41,480
Chaplin pushes the door
of a fortune teller

291
00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:43,560
and is read
the lines of the hand.

292
00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:46,520
The clairvoyant predicts soon
a new activity.

293
00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:48,920
"News,

294
00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:51,240
"well, it's almost the same thing,
but it's different.

295
00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:53,760
“I see triumphant success.

296
00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:56,000
"You have before you
an extraordinary career,

297
00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:57,880
“but I don’t see what it is.

298
00:21:58,040 --> 00:22:00,440
"You will gather
a considerable fortune.

299
00:22:01,240 --> 00:22:02,600
“A dollar, please.”

300
00:22:04,120 --> 00:22:05,760
The omen is soon verified.

301
00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:08,640
A few days later,

302
00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:10,680
the Karno company
receives a telegram

303
00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:12,480
from Broadway:

304
00:22:12,640 --> 00:22:14,760
"Is there, in your troop,

305
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:18,120
"a man named Chaffin
or something like that?”

306
00:22:20,240 --> 00:22:22,320
Kessel and Baumann
are producers.

307
00:22:22,480 --> 00:22:25,400
Three months later,
Charlie writes to his brother:

308
00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:29,160
"August 4, 1913. My dear Syd,

309
00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:32,080
"I received an offer
of a cinema company.

310
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:34,080
“It’s the Keystone.

311
00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:36,000
“We haggled
quite a bit of time.

312
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:38,040
"Finally,
we came to an arrangement.

313
00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:41,240
"I don't know
if you have seen one of their films,

314
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:42,680
“but they are very funny.

315
00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:44,920
"And they also
some pretty girls.

316
00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:48,360
“I hope you are in good health
and also that mom is better.

317
00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:50,440
“I would love to see you here.

318
00:22:50,600 --> 00:22:52,600
“Your loving brother, Charlie.”

319
00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:03,400
Chaplin bids farewell to the stage

320
00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:06,880
on November 28, 1913 in Kansas City.

321
00:23:09,080 --> 00:23:11,000
The Karno tour continues without him.

322
00:23:14,480 --> 00:23:16,200
During the last performance,

323
00:23:16,360 --> 00:23:18,240
his comrade Stan Laurel remembers

324
00:23:18,400 --> 00:23:20,400
having seen him cry backstage.

325
00:23:29,520 --> 00:23:31,880
Charlie believes in his star
and his talent.

326
00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:36,120
He knows he has to take his chance.
He won't let her go.

327
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:41,480
The cinema will be his fortune.

328
00:23:43,160 --> 00:23:46,240
Maybe he thinks again
to his fortune teller.

329
00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:58,400
In two years it will be
the most famous man in the world.

330
00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:07,560
Welcome to Hollywood,

331
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:10,000
Hollywood before Hollywood.

332
00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:12,240
A paradise of sunshine, orange groves,

333
00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:14,200
vineyards and palm trees.

334
00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,680
Charlie Chaplin starts at Keystone
December 16, 1913.

335
00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:22,080
He comes at the right time,
the time of the pioneers of the 7th art.

336
00:24:22,240 --> 00:24:23,840
We need people like him.

337
00:24:24,120 --> 00:24:27,200
The cinema is silent
and he is a whiz at pantomime.

338
00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:30,160
Cinema is burlesque
and he comes from the circus.

339
00:24:30,320 --> 00:24:33,080
Cinema is not 20 years old,
Charlie almost the same age,

340
00:24:33,240 --> 00:24:35,960
and everything has to be invented.
It's adventure!

341
00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:40,640
The Keystone Company
produces slapstick comedies

342
00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:43,120
with their procession
chases, fights

343
00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:44,720
and their inevitable policemen.

344
00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:47,920
They're called Keystone cops.

345
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:50,360
It's all in the baton,
the grimace and the somersault.

346
00:24:59,640 --> 00:25:00,920
But the Keystone,

347
00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:02,480
for the greatest pleasure
from Charlie,

348
00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:05,320
also produces Bathing Beauties,

349
00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:07,480
short films
where delicious young women

350
00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:10,840
move around in swimsuits
in front of Mack Sennett's goals.

351
00:25:17,760 --> 00:25:21,160
Mack Sennett is
Chaplin's new boss.

352
00:25:21,320 --> 00:25:25,200
Loud, he's at the cinema
what Karno is to the stage.

353
00:25:25,360 --> 00:25:29,440
His build, his eyebrows,
his jawline impresses Charlie.

354
00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:32,640
Producer, actor
and self-taught director,

355
00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:34,320
Sennett is brutal, but intelligent.

356
00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:37,760
Formidably effective,
he doesn't stop at anything.

357
00:25:37,920 --> 00:25:41,040
The cinema does not yet speak,
but he runs at full speed.

358
00:25:58,120 --> 00:26:01,840
The first time Sennett meets
this Chaplin that we talked to him about so much,

359
00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:03,520
he is disappointed.

360
00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:05,960
Once again,
Charlie looks too young.

361
00:26:06,120 --> 00:26:08,520
It will have to be aged,
he's used to it.

362
00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:10,040
We send it to makeup.

363
00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:12,040
“Try to be funny.”

364
00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:18,440
"I had absolutely no idea
how to do my makeup.

365
00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:21,360
"I told myself that I was going to put
pants that are too wide.

366
00:26:21,520 --> 00:26:23,960
"I wanted everything
or in contradiction:

367
00:26:24,120 --> 00:26:26,960
"Wide pants
and the tight jacket.

368
00:26:27,120 --> 00:26:30,160
"The hat is too small
and shoes that are too big.

369
00:26:30,320 --> 00:26:31,920
"I chose a cane,

370
00:26:32,080 --> 00:26:33,400
"and I added
a little mustache

371
00:26:33,560 --> 00:26:35,240
"to give me
a few more years.

372
00:26:38,680 --> 00:26:41,360
"I had no idea
of the character I was going to play.

373
00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:44,240
"But from now on
where I was dressed and made up,

374
00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:47,240
"this made me well up
all kinds of crazy ideas.

375
00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:49,160
"I was doing reels
with my cane,

376
00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:51,320
"gags were rushing
in my head."

377
00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:54,160
Mack Sennett bursts out laughing.

378
00:26:54,760 --> 00:26:57,240
Actors and stagehands
neighboring plateaus come running

379
00:26:57,400 --> 00:26:59,840
and laugh even more. It's won.

380
00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:05,560
That day, Charlie decides
that whatever happens,

381
00:27:05,720 --> 00:27:07,240
he will keep this outfit.

382
00:27:11,120 --> 00:27:12,440
His character was born.

383
00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:16,720
The tramp, the vagabond.
He has no name,

384
00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:18,880
but in France, it will be Charlot.

385
00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:26,160
The laughter from the studio is
a magnificent encouragement.

386
00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:29,520
"Hopefully the audience will laugh
as much in the cinema room",

387
00:27:29,680 --> 00:27:30,960
Charlie then thinks.

388
00:27:31,440 --> 00:27:33,360
But even before
the test of the room,

389
00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:35,480
Chaplin will be able to
test your character,

390
00:27:35,640 --> 00:27:36,720
from the following Sunday,

391
00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:39,000
in the suburbs of Los Angeles.

392
00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:41,600
Production benefits
of a children's car race

393
00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:43,360
to get a free crowd.

394
00:27:43,960 --> 00:27:46,320
Nobody has seen yet
Charlot on screen.

395
00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:51,520
The spectators are there
for the rally,

396
00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:53,840
not to attend
in the first steps of the wanderer.

397
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:56,080
But in a short time,

398
00:27:56,240 --> 00:27:58,400
Charlie becomes
the center of attraction.

399
00:27:58,560 --> 00:28:01,120
A revelation, a revolution.

400
00:28:03,400 --> 00:28:04,880
Charlot was born in a few hours,

401
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:07,120
but he comes from far away.

402
00:28:07,680 --> 00:28:10,360
The genius of Chaplin
is not a spontaneous genius.

403
00:28:10,520 --> 00:28:11,600
Charlie was ready.

404
00:28:11,760 --> 00:28:14,680
His character,
he has been feeding it for a long time.

405
00:28:15,320 --> 00:28:19,000
Chaplin is not 25 years old,
but already 15 years in the business.

406
00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:21,080
By choosing the huge pants,

407
00:28:21,240 --> 00:28:24,320
size 49 ankle boots
while he wears size 38,

408
00:28:24,480 --> 00:28:26,200
he thought of this beggar from London

409
00:28:26,360 --> 00:28:28,440
who fascinated him
when he was a child

410
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:31,080
and that he so loved to imitate
to amuse his mother.

411
00:28:31,840 --> 00:28:33,560
He will never forget it.

412
00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:36,320
"Day after day,
I cultivated his approach

413
00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:39,320
"to the point that it became
a real obsession.

414
00:28:39,480 --> 00:28:41,640
"Everywhere,
she triggered laughter."

415
00:28:50,080 --> 00:28:53,320
But maybe this uprooted
Does it have other roots?

416
00:28:53,480 --> 00:28:55,400
When Charlie invents Charlot,

417
00:28:55,560 --> 00:28:57,080
does he think of his father's mother,

418
00:28:57,240 --> 00:28:59,760
this gypsy grandmother
that he never knew?

419
00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:02,400
His character is a nomad.

420
00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:06,120
Charlot is undoubtedly a bit of a gypsy,
but he is not from any community.

421
00:29:06,280 --> 00:29:09,800
Stateless, he has no passport,
no family, no caravan.

422
00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:12,040
A misfit who sleeps under bridges,

423
00:29:12,200 --> 00:29:14,880
in wastelands,
in makeshift cabins.

424
00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:18,720
"My character is a poet,
a lonely dreamer,

425
00:29:18,880 --> 00:29:21,240
“both wanderer and gentleman.”

426
00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:25,240
Yes, Charlot is an elegant tramp,

427
00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:29,120
as if he was wearing
the class struggle in him, on him.

428
00:29:30,360 --> 00:29:33,680
Charlot is not the first
burlesque character from silent cinema.

429
00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:37,040
A Frenchman beat him to it
and even inspired him.

430
00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:40,440
This international star
His name is Gabriel Leuvielle.

431
00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:43,000
His stage name, Max Linder.

432
00:29:43,160 --> 00:29:44,680
Dandy aristocrat,

433
00:29:44,840 --> 00:29:48,320
very identifiable silhouette
with a top hat and a cane.

434
00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:51,480
Chaplin admires Linder
like a disciple.

435
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:54,760
A disciple who will not delay
to surpass his teacher.

436
00:29:54,920 --> 00:29:56,880
And everyone will imitate
the approach of the other.

437
00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:18,320
At Mack Sennett,
we spin at a frenetic pace

438
00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:20,400
two pranks per week,

439
00:30:20,560 --> 00:30:22,480
without a script,
for better or worse.

440
00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:26,000
The alloy of vitality
and rudeness.

441
00:30:26,800 --> 00:30:30,400
Chaplin loves improvisation,
but he hates pursuits.

442
00:30:30,560 --> 00:30:33,000
He refuses studio discipline.

443
00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:34,920
For him,
Mack Sennett's recipes

444
00:30:35,080 --> 00:30:36,440
lack subtlety.

445
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:39,600
Directors are butchers
who work on the assembly line,

446
00:30:39,760 --> 00:30:41,720
obsessed with execution speed.

447
00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:43,840
Knowing their methods
assembly,

448
00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:44,880
Charlie places his gags

449
00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:47,760
just at the moment
of its entry or exit.

450
00:30:47,920 --> 00:30:51,040
He knows that the director
will have difficulty cutting them.

451
00:30:51,680 --> 00:30:55,320
Chaplin gained a reputation
of an odious and pretentious man.

452
00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:58,400
But even if he started out in the cinema,
he knows the reactions of the public,

453
00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:01,600
the clockwork of laughter,
which he masters to perfection.

454
00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:03,600
Conscientious and stubborn,

455
00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:06,520
he asks to be
its own director.

456
00:31:06,680 --> 00:31:09,640
Refusal of Mack Sennett,
who imposes his companion on him,

457
00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:11,600
star actress Mabel Normand,

458
00:31:11,760 --> 00:31:14,800
as director
on the set of his tenth film,

459
00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:15,840
Mabel at the wheel.

460
00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:19,640
Chaplin must replace
an off-the-cuff actor

461
00:31:19,800 --> 00:31:21,680
and changes costume.

462
00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:23,120
The incident breaks out.

463
00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:25,960
Mabel refuses all his suggestions.

464
00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:28,400
"We don't have time,
do as you are told.”

465
00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:32,080
Chaplin holds on.
“I won’t do what I’m told.

466
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:33,760
"I don't think
that you are competent enough

467
00:31:33,920 --> 00:31:36,040
"to explain to me
what I have to do.

468
00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:38,920
"I couldn't stand it,
especially from such a pretty girl.”

469
00:31:39,600 --> 00:31:42,880
Filming is interrupted,
Sennett is furious.

470
00:31:43,040 --> 00:31:45,360
“You will do what you are told
or else you will go away.”

471
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:46,320
The doors slam.

472
00:31:47,520 --> 00:31:49,840
The next day, Charlie is summoned.

473
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:51,600
He expects to be fired.

474
00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:54,800
Dramatic twist:
Not only is it increased,

475
00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:57,520
but he gets the Keystone
to be behind the camera

476
00:31:57,680 --> 00:32:00,000
barely three months
after his film debut.

477
00:32:01,080 --> 00:32:02,920
Never again will he hear the sentence:

478
00:32:03,080 --> 00:32:05,240
"No time, Charlie,
do as you are told.”

479
00:32:08,080 --> 00:32:11,360
"The sudden change in attitude
by Sennett surprised me.

480
00:32:11,520 --> 00:32:14,320
"It wasn't until months later
that I learned the reason.

481
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:16,360
"Sennett intended to send me away,

482
00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:18,760
"but he had received a telegram
from the New York office

483
00:32:18,920 --> 00:32:21,240
"Telling him to turn around
other Charlots,

484
00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:22,600
“because there was a big demand.”

485
00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:27,640
Chaplin sparks
and entries.

486
00:32:27,800 --> 00:32:29,800
The vagabond's pranks are torn off,

487
00:32:31,200 --> 00:32:33,760
and everyone ends
by finding Charlie charming.

488
00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:47,480
It's now Chaplin
who is behind the wheel.

489
00:32:48,320 --> 00:32:50,160
His first film
as actor-director

490
00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:52,200
achieved immediate success.

491
00:32:53,280 --> 00:32:56,880
Charlot imposes his silhouette,
his facial expressions, his tempo.

492
00:32:57,680 --> 00:33:00,040
He slows down the pace
editing the plans.

493
00:33:00,720 --> 00:33:02,000
He leaves his mark.

494
00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:03,960
At Keystone,

495
00:33:04,120 --> 00:33:06,800
it was enough to bump into each other
or fall to make people laugh.

496
00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:10,400
At Chaplin,
laughter is more ingenious.

497
00:33:23,560 --> 00:33:26,320
Charlie gets more attached
to the wanderer's expression,

498
00:33:26,480 --> 00:33:27,640
to his feelings.

499
00:33:28,280 --> 00:33:30,440
His stories rest less
on the gag itself

500
00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:32,400
than on what it causes.

501
00:33:32,560 --> 00:33:34,640
This is no longer the incident
which is funny,

502
00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:36,840
but the character's reaction.

503
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:40,040
"I stood out from the crowd",
wrote Chaplin.

504
00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:44,800
But in 1914, Charlot
is not quite Charlot.

505
00:33:44,960 --> 00:33:46,560
He still lacks tenderness.

506
00:33:46,720 --> 00:33:49,120
Asocial and transgressive, poorly mannered,

507
00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:52,400
the prankster can show himself
cruel, cynical, violent.

508
00:33:52,560 --> 00:33:55,040
He makes people laugh at the expense of others
and even the weak.

509
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:13,760
Cinema is a release.

510
00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:17,120
Good souls are moved by it,
but the public wants more.

511
00:34:17,280 --> 00:34:18,840
Chaplin slips into the rooms,

512
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:21,440
he watches for reactions
spectators.

513
00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:25,800
"These cries of joy that provoked
my only appearance on screen

514
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:27,600
"were extremely pleasant to me.

515
00:34:27,760 --> 00:34:30,000
"I was at the threshold
of a wonderful time.

516
00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:33,400
“I was 25 years old
and I was in love with my work."

517
00:34:40,680 --> 00:34:43,400
The love of women,
Charlie devotes little time to it.

518
00:34:43,560 --> 00:34:46,440
He doesn't have the mind for that,
his heart is at work.

519
00:34:47,440 --> 00:34:50,720
"I was like Balzac, who estimated
that a night of love represented

520
00:34:50,880 --> 00:34:53,000
"the sacrifice
of a good page of a novel.

521
00:34:53,160 --> 00:34:56,200
"For me, it was the sacrifice
of a good day in the studio."

522
00:34:58,840 --> 00:35:00,520
Charlie is exhausted by the task.

523
00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:03,920
In a year, it runs without respite
in 36 short films,

524
00:35:04,080 --> 00:35:05,800
for the greatest happiness
spectators

525
00:35:05,960 --> 00:35:08,080
and room directors.

526
00:35:09,080 --> 00:35:10,560
Chaplin's value soars.

527
00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:12,760
It becomes a real
ticket machine.

528
00:35:12,920 --> 00:35:14,480
He has one success after another.

529
00:35:14,640 --> 00:35:17,240
And for his last shoot
at Mack Sennett,

530
00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:20,440
Charlie chooses to wear
the skin of a Cro-Magnon man.

531
00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:26,280
"I started with a gag
which marked my entry onto the scene.

532
00:35:26,960 --> 00:35:29,360
"I appeared
dressed in a bearskin.

533
00:35:29,520 --> 00:35:31,480
"I examined the landscape,

534
00:35:31,640 --> 00:35:34,480
"I was pulling hairs from my skin
to fill my pipe.

535
00:35:35,120 --> 00:35:37,280
"And that was enough of an idea
to get us started

536
00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:39,280
"in a prehistoric comedy

537
00:35:39,440 --> 00:35:42,320
"with love, rivalry,
fights and chases.

538
00:35:43,040 --> 00:35:46,120
"This was the working method
that we all applied.

539
00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:55,080
“Everything was so free and easy.

540
00:35:55,240 --> 00:35:59,040
"No literature, no author,
we only had an idea

541
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:02,200
"and we were building history
gradually.”

542
00:36:05,080 --> 00:36:07,800
But the Keystone adventure ends.

543
00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:11,200
Charlie has other ambitions
artistic and financial.

544
00:36:11,360 --> 00:36:14,240
He declares to his producer:
"It's not for your name

545
00:36:14,440 --> 00:36:16,280
"that the spectators are queuing
in front of the cinemas,

546
00:36:16,440 --> 00:36:17,600
It’s for mine.”

547
00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:20,080
Sennett throws in the towel,

548
00:36:20,240 --> 00:36:23,000
and let Chaplin down
in the hands of another studio.

549
00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:27,400
The competition is called Essanay.

550
00:36:27,560 --> 00:36:30,280
Charlie joined them in January 1915.

551
00:36:30,440 --> 00:36:31,680
He is no longer alone.

552
00:36:31,840 --> 00:36:34,280
His brother Sydney
just arrived in Hollywood.

553
00:36:34,920 --> 00:36:37,080
Yes,
Charlie is definitely no longer alone.

554
00:36:37,240 --> 00:36:38,760
That year, he met

555
00:36:38,920 --> 00:36:41,960
the one who will be his first partner
on screen and in life.

556
00:36:42,120 --> 00:36:44,880
Her name is Edna, Edna Purviance.

557
00:36:45,040 --> 00:36:46,920
She is a student in San Francisco

558
00:36:47,080 --> 00:36:48,880
and has never made a movie before.

559
00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:51,240
She is 20, Charlie 26.

560
00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:54,960
Chaplin makes him pass
his first attempts in front of the camera.

561
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:58,120
"She was more than pretty,
she was beautiful,

562
00:36:58,280 --> 00:36:59,560
"silent and reserved,

563
00:36:59,720 --> 00:37:01,840
"with big beautiful eyes,
beautiful teeth,

564
00:37:02,040 --> 00:37:03,480
"and a sensitive mouth.

565
00:37:04,040 --> 00:37:05,880
“She seemed sad and serious.

566
00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:08,680
"I then learned
that she was just recovering

567
00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:10,000
of heartache.

568
00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:14,040
"I wondered if she would know
play or have a certain sense of humor.

569
00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:15,960
“We hired him anyway.

570
00:37:16,600 --> 00:37:19,280
"At least she would bring
a decorative element to my comedies."

571
00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:33,160
Charlie is under the spell,

572
00:37:33,320 --> 00:37:35,720
in love, finally in love,

573
00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:38,320
the birth of a cinema couple.

574
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:44,640
Charlot is now beguiling,
seductive, sentimental.

575
00:37:44,800 --> 00:37:48,640
Edna has a grace
and proves to be a captivating actress.

576
00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,440
Edna and Charlie will turn
35 films together

577
00:37:52,600 --> 00:37:54,200
and will share
a few years of life.

578
00:39:01,120 --> 00:39:03,920
With Edna,
Charlie is going to conquer the world.

579
00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:06,240
Less than two years
after his film debut,

580
00:39:06,400 --> 00:39:09,560
he becomes the most recognized artist,
the most loved on the globe.

581
00:39:09,720 --> 00:39:12,000
It's dazzling,
like wildfire.

582
00:39:12,600 --> 00:39:13,920
Thanks to his little pranks,

583
00:39:14,080 --> 00:39:16,440
the figure of the wanderer
becomes familiar.

584
00:39:16,600 --> 00:39:19,320
Most films then last
less than 30 minutes,

585
00:39:19,480 --> 00:39:20,760
one or two reels.

586
00:39:21,280 --> 00:39:23,080
Of all the entertainment
cheap,

587
00:39:23,240 --> 00:39:25,040
cinema has become
the most popular.

588
00:39:25,560 --> 00:39:28,560
Rooms specialize in
the screening of Charlot films.

589
00:39:28,720 --> 00:39:31,560
Every month,
we await his new adventures.

590
00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:35,240
Charlot firefighter,
Charlot at the music hall,

591
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:37,320
Tramp at the bank, at the beach,

592
00:39:37,480 --> 00:39:38,360
Charlot waiter,

593
00:39:39,160 --> 00:39:40,360
Charlot boxer or mover,

594
00:39:41,360 --> 00:39:42,360
Charlot escapes.

595
00:39:42,520 --> 00:39:46,160
The audience's heart beats to the rhythm
of that of Charlot.

596
00:39:46,320 --> 00:39:49,040
With more than 30,000 sessions
daily in the world,

597
00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:52,400
Chaplin earns more than 12 million
spectators every day.

598
00:39:52,560 --> 00:39:54,200
A journalist then writes:

599
00:39:54,360 --> 00:39:56,240
"The Zulus
know Charlot better

600
00:39:56,400 --> 00:39:59,000
"that the people of Arkansas,
Greta Garbo.”

601
00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:03,360
It's Chaplin's madness,
“chaplinitis”.

602
00:40:03,520 --> 00:40:05,560
Charlot becomes the hero
comics,

603
00:40:05,720 --> 00:40:06,800
cartoons.

604
00:40:07,200 --> 00:40:09,680
Books, clothes, candles,
cigarettes, toothpaste

605
00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:11,480
want to bear his name.

606
00:40:11,640 --> 00:40:14,400
We make toys,
dolls bearing his image.

607
00:40:15,120 --> 00:40:17,560
It's a surge,
Charlot invades everything.

608
00:40:19,320 --> 00:40:22,840
As early as 1916, the French critic
Louis Delluc declares:

609
00:40:23,520 --> 00:40:25,440
"He is the man
the most famous in the world.

610
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:28,440
"Until further notice,
he eclipses Joan of Arc in fame,

611
00:40:28,600 --> 00:40:30,080
“Louis XIV and Clemenceau.

612
00:40:30,240 --> 00:40:33,800
"I only see Jesus and Napoleon
which can be compared to it.

613
00:40:34,680 --> 00:40:37,800
1916, Charlie is only 27 years old

614
00:40:37,960 --> 00:40:39,880
and has not yet turned
none of his feature films.

615
00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:47,400
In Paris, in Carcassonne,
in Nice, in Barcelona,

616
00:40:47,560 --> 00:40:48,960
everywhere, we celebrate Chaplin,

617
00:40:49,120 --> 00:40:51,920
we dance Chaplin, we sing Chaplin.

618
00:41:02,160 --> 00:41:05,480
We learn the Charlot step,
Oh! Charlie Chaplin,

619
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:07,080
everyone is crazy about him,

620
00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:09,920
the airs to his glory flourish.

621
00:41:26,360 --> 00:41:28,000
His appearance, his gait
are celebrated.

622
00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:31,760
At costume balls,

623
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:34,200
nine out of ten men
disguise themselves as Charlot.

624
00:41:34,360 --> 00:41:36,400
Imitation competitions are launched.

625
00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:37,680
The legend tells

626
00:41:37,840 --> 00:41:40,840
that Chaplin presented himself incognito
to one of them

627
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:42,240
and finished third.

628
00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:05,160
Faced with such success,

629
00:42:05,360 --> 00:42:08,600
even the old tour companion
by Charlie, Stan Laurel,

630
00:42:08,760 --> 00:42:10,680
is reduced to pretending to be a Charlot.

631
00:42:11,360 --> 00:42:12,960
From New York to Hollywood,

632
00:42:13,120 --> 00:42:16,160
Chaplin is copied, imitated, pirated.

633
00:42:16,960 --> 00:42:18,840
Where is the real Charlie hiding?

634
00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:20,960
This is Billy West,

635
00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:23,080
fanciful of Russian origin,

636
00:42:23,280 --> 00:42:25,520
which will run successfully
several dozen short films

637
00:42:25,680 --> 00:42:27,280
with his cane and his bowler.

638
00:42:34,240 --> 00:42:36,680
And here is Billie Ritchie
who, like Chaplin,

639
00:42:36,840 --> 00:42:39,160
played the drunks
at Karno in England,

640
00:42:39,320 --> 00:42:41,760
and who will claim to have invented
the character of Charlot

641
00:42:41,920 --> 00:42:43,320
long before Charlie.

642
00:42:47,080 --> 00:42:48,880
Without forgetting, from 1915,

643
00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:51,280
a highly claimed female plagiarism.

644
00:42:56,720 --> 00:42:58,680
Counterfeits are multiplying,

645
00:42:58,840 --> 00:43:02,120
Chaplin ends up hiring
prosecutions against his imitators.

646
00:43:03,760 --> 00:43:07,120
At the end of his life,
Stan Laurel will recognize:

647
00:43:07,280 --> 00:43:10,000
"The difference between Chaplin
and we who were doing comedy,

648
00:43:10,680 --> 00:43:12,960
"with the sole exception
by Buster Keaton,

649
00:43:13,120 --> 00:43:14,560
"it was only Charlie
was not satisfied

650
00:43:14,720 --> 00:43:15,880
“only perfection.”

651
00:43:20,080 --> 00:43:21,840
Charlie takes care of each of his films,

652
00:43:22,000 --> 00:43:24,360
refuses scenarios
of its producers,

653
00:43:24,520 --> 00:43:25,800
is inspired by reality

654
00:43:25,960 --> 00:43:28,800
and frees itself from conventions
and happy endings.

655
00:43:29,520 --> 00:43:32,000
"Comedy must be
a faithful reproduction of life",

656
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:33,400
says Chaplin.

657
00:43:33,560 --> 00:43:36,600
"Even more than the drama,
it demands realism.

658
00:43:37,720 --> 00:43:39,840
“It’s the diversion
from the usual situation

659
00:43:40,000 --> 00:43:41,280
"who makes a film funny,

660
00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:44,160
"this little unexpected gesture
which provokes laughter.

661
00:43:45,800 --> 00:43:48,280
"But this gesture must be natural
and compliant

662
00:43:48,440 --> 00:43:50,680
"what the character
could do in life."

663
00:44:38,360 --> 00:44:40,560
Chaplin has not forgotten where he comes from.

664
00:44:40,720 --> 00:44:42,320
His comedies, often satirical,

665
00:44:42,480 --> 00:44:45,360
are animated
of social and political criticism.

666
00:44:45,520 --> 00:44:48,640
He mocks the powerful,
representatives of authority,

667
00:44:48,800 --> 00:44:51,720
whether she is religious,
police or bourgeois.

668
00:44:52,720 --> 00:44:56,600
He challenges them, he destroys them
like at the funfair.

669
00:44:57,800 --> 00:45:00,120
Charlie Chaplin addresses
to a popular audience.

670
00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:01,440
He claims it.

671
00:45:02,720 --> 00:45:03,880
"I'm one of the little people

672
00:45:04,040 --> 00:45:07,000
"and I work for them more than
for any other social class.

673
00:45:08,320 --> 00:45:10,920
"I don't want to make films that
would be shown in cinemas

674
00:45:11,080 --> 00:45:13,160
"where the entrance
would be more than five pence."

675
00:45:15,880 --> 00:45:18,600
The people must recognize themselves
in Charlot.

676
00:45:18,760 --> 00:45:21,960
His cinema will be humanist
and universal or it will not be.

677
00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:26,120
Between bosses and workers,
Chaplin chose.

678
00:45:27,720 --> 00:45:29,080
He is on the side of the exploited,

679
00:45:29,240 --> 00:45:32,160
not the exploiter he denounces
cruelty and savagery.

680
00:45:41,480 --> 00:45:43,800
Even in situations
the most desperate,

681
00:45:43,960 --> 00:45:46,640
the wanderer fights against fate.

682
00:45:46,800 --> 00:45:49,520
Humor, combativeness
are his weapons.

683
00:45:49,680 --> 00:45:52,960
Film after film, Chaplin
will make it his trademark.

684
00:45:53,680 --> 00:45:56,680
"The great theme of life,
it is struggle and suffering.

685
00:45:56,840 --> 00:45:58,760
"All my clowning
rely on that."

686
00:45:58,920 --> 00:46:00,200
The plot is simple,

687
00:46:00,360 --> 00:46:02,960
it consists of diving
characters in trouble

688
00:46:03,520 --> 00:46:05,000
and get them out.

689
00:46:11,800 --> 00:46:15,120
If Charlot remained poor, Charlie,
he is getting richer and richer,

690
00:46:15,280 --> 00:46:17,000
and increasingly courted.

691
00:46:17,160 --> 00:46:18,720
All Hollywood wants Chaplin.

692
00:46:18,880 --> 00:46:20,960
The producers
raise the stakes.

693
00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:22,720
Between 1914 and 1917,

694
00:46:22,880 --> 00:46:25,320
every year,
Chaplin will change companies,

695
00:46:25,480 --> 00:46:28,880
and every year,
he will multiply his income tenfold.

696
00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:34,320
$7,800 for 12 months,
at Keystone in 1914.

697
00:46:34,480 --> 00:46:37,400
75,000 at Essanay in 1915.

698
00:46:37,560 --> 00:46:41,080
Mutual added in 1916,
with 670,000.

699
00:46:41,760 --> 00:46:45,000
Then First National in 1917
for over a million dollars.

700
00:46:45,560 --> 00:46:48,720
The equivalent today
of 1.8 million dollars monthly.

701
00:46:50,760 --> 00:46:54,000
The contract at Mutual is the subject
of a phenomenal campaign.

702
00:46:54,760 --> 00:46:57,960
"The perspectives that opened up
before me were dazzling.

703
00:46:58,120 --> 00:47:00,320
“Money was coming in an avalanche.

704
00:47:00,480 --> 00:47:03,800
“It’s all maddening,
scary, but wonderful."

705
00:47:04,680 --> 00:47:08,480
Chaplin's remuneration
becomes an advertising argument.

706
00:47:10,240 --> 00:47:13,320
In New York, the luminous newspaper
of Times Square displays:

707
00:47:13,480 --> 00:47:17,120
"Chaplin signs with Mutual
for $670,000 a year.”

708
00:47:18,000 --> 00:47:20,920
It's unprecedented, unimaginable,
astronomical.

709
00:47:21,080 --> 00:47:23,680
Almost no one in the world
has not yet earned such a salary.

710
00:47:24,560 --> 00:47:27,280
Charlie looks at his name
on the Times building.

711
00:47:28,160 --> 00:47:31,320
"I stood there reading like
if it was someone else.

712
00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:33,040
“The world had gone crazy.

713
00:47:33,640 --> 00:47:35,400
"If a few unfortunate
slapstick comedies

714
00:47:35,560 --> 00:47:37,960
"managed to provoke
such enthusiasm,

715
00:47:38,120 --> 00:47:40,720
"wasn't there something
fakes in fame?

716
00:47:41,320 --> 00:47:43,000
"I had always dreamed
to be popular

717
00:47:43,160 --> 00:47:44,720
"and now that I was,

718
00:47:44,880 --> 00:47:46,920
"here, by a strange paradox,

719
00:47:47,080 --> 00:47:49,040
“I felt isolated.

720
00:47:50,440 --> 00:47:52,920
"I was young, rich and famous,

721
00:47:53,080 --> 00:47:53,840
“but alone.

722
00:47:54,280 --> 00:47:55,720
Everyone knew me,

723
00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:58,480
"but I had the impression
that I didn't know anyone."

724
00:48:00,720 --> 00:48:03,840
So Charlie Chaplin wins
money, a lot of money.

725
00:48:04,000 --> 00:48:05,560
It's now his brother Sydney,

726
00:48:05,720 --> 00:48:07,480
who gave up
to his acting career,

727
00:48:07,640 --> 00:48:09,720
who manages his contracts and his fortune.

728
00:48:10,240 --> 00:48:13,000
A fortune
which he carefully maintains.

729
00:48:13,160 --> 00:48:15,480
Never Charlie
won't waste his dollars,

730
00:48:15,640 --> 00:48:17,840
a memory of his poverty-stricken childhood.

731
00:48:20,040 --> 00:48:22,160
"Better than anyone,
I knew how much popularity

732
00:48:22,320 --> 00:48:23,720
"could be fleeting.

733
00:48:24,320 --> 00:48:26,880
"Within a year,
I might run out of ideas.

734
00:48:27,040 --> 00:48:28,320
"So I had to bring in the hay

735
00:48:28,480 --> 00:48:30,200
"while the sun
was still shining."

736
00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:40,640
But the fairy tale
is not about to stop,

737
00:48:40,800 --> 00:48:42,640
because the more Chaplin is successful,

738
00:48:42,800 --> 00:48:44,440
the more he has the means to create.

739
00:48:44,600 --> 00:48:47,400
And the more creative he is,
the more successful he is.

740
00:48:47,560 --> 00:48:50,160
Money in the service of freedom.

741
00:48:51,080 --> 00:48:52,560
Charlie spins without counting,

742
00:48:52,720 --> 00:48:55,200
he tests, he experiments,

743
00:48:55,360 --> 00:48:57,720
expands the footage 20 times
film needed,

744
00:48:57,880 --> 00:49:01,280
just to see if it sticks
and if he can do better.

745
00:49:01,880 --> 00:49:05,120
A staggering luxury,
hundreds of shots.

746
00:49:06,360 --> 00:49:08,360
He does not hesitate to put in the basket
scenes or gags

747
00:49:08,520 --> 00:49:09,920
patiently built.

748
00:49:10,080 --> 00:49:12,960
Everything is repeated,
timed, millimetered.

749
00:49:13,120 --> 00:49:14,520
A real laboratory.

750
00:49:15,800 --> 00:49:18,760
"Don't talk to me about inspiration,
It’s sweat.”

751
00:49:32,720 --> 00:49:35,920
Big fan of boxing matches,
excellent tennis player,

752
00:49:36,080 --> 00:49:38,920
Chaplin, like a true athlete,
multiplies the acrobatics.

753
00:49:39,920 --> 00:49:42,440
But sport would be nothing
without grace.

754
00:49:42,600 --> 00:49:45,560
The choreographer and star dancer
Vaslav Nijinsky,

755
00:49:45,720 --> 00:49:47,200
visit with the Ballets Russes

756
00:49:47,360 --> 00:49:50,360
on the set of Charlot Policeman,
will not be mistaken.

757
00:49:51,040 --> 00:49:53,960
"Your comedy is like ballet,
Charlie. You are a dancer.”

758
00:50:00,880 --> 00:50:02,040
Featherweight dancer.

759
00:50:02,680 --> 00:50:06,160
As in children's stories,
the little man needs his ogre.

760
00:50:06,320 --> 00:50:07,800
Eric Campbell is the bad guy.

761
00:50:09,320 --> 00:50:12,520
A giant of almost two meters,
frightening and beastly.

762
00:50:12,680 --> 00:50:16,080
It weighs the weight of three Charlots.
He's a brute, a mass.

763
00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:21,000
Faced with Campbell or Henry Bergman,

764
00:50:21,480 --> 00:50:23,600
Chaplin plays on his size,
its lightness,

765
00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:25,400
his 1.64 meters.

766
00:50:25,560 --> 00:50:28,320
Its fragility is its strength,
the strength of the weak.

767
00:50:29,160 --> 00:50:31,800
"The irresistible charm
of the little man from the people",

768
00:50:31,960 --> 00:50:33,840
wrote Hannah Arendt.

769
00:50:53,040 --> 00:50:54,360
Charlot hits the mark.

770
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:56,520
Its silent cinema
talk to everyone,

771
00:50:57,200 --> 00:50:59,000
or almost everyone.

772
00:50:59,160 --> 00:51:02,760
A part of high society rises
against these crude comedies

773
00:51:02,920 --> 00:51:06,320
which flatter a trivial pleasure
intended for the working classes,

774
00:51:07,200 --> 00:51:09,760
and an indecent, vulgar character.

775
00:51:11,760 --> 00:51:14,400
At Yale University, there is alarm.

776
00:51:14,560 --> 00:51:15,800
Chaplin is a moral threat,

777
00:51:15,960 --> 00:51:18,320
it prevents students
to concentrate.

778
00:51:18,960 --> 00:51:20,760
And when Charlot
disguises himself as a woman,

779
00:51:20,920 --> 00:51:21,920
the leagues of virtue,

780
00:51:22,080 --> 00:51:23,640
frightened, take offense.

781
00:51:23,800 --> 00:51:25,800
“It’s obscene, inappropriate.”

782
00:51:25,960 --> 00:51:28,240
"No wonder,
this actor has a French name."

783
00:51:39,520 --> 00:51:42,680
Chaplin never ends
to shake up American society.

784
00:51:43,320 --> 00:51:46,120
When he puts on the habit
a law enforcement officer,

785
00:51:46,280 --> 00:51:48,840
it's a social order
which he intends to enforce.

786
00:51:49,240 --> 00:51:50,880
A policeman
alongside poor people.

787
00:52:07,520 --> 00:52:09,080
But it is with the Emigrant

788
00:52:09,240 --> 00:52:11,600
that Chaplin will express
most openly,

789
00:52:11,760 --> 00:52:14,040
for the first time,
a political aim.

790
00:52:15,480 --> 00:52:18,440
He attacks the myth of New York,
gates of paradise.

791
00:52:18,600 --> 00:52:20,880
The United States, land of the free,

792
00:52:21,040 --> 00:52:24,160
become
homeland of illusions and disillusions.

793
00:52:25,480 --> 00:52:27,800
Charlie has not forgotten that,
six years ago,

794
00:52:27,960 --> 00:52:29,760
he was one of those millions of immigrants.

795
00:52:29,920 --> 00:52:31,800
He will remember it all his life.

796
00:52:31,960 --> 00:52:34,360
All his life, he will be reminded of this.

797
00:53:23,000 --> 00:53:26,160
The Emigrant will undoubtedly remain
his favorite short film.

798
00:53:31,320 --> 00:53:32,840
"I believe
that my stay at Mutual

799
00:53:33,000 --> 00:53:34,560
"was the period
the happiest of my life.

800
00:53:35,360 --> 00:53:38,440
"I was 27 years old,
I was free and light."

801
00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:38,520
On April 6, 1917,

802
00:54:39,560 --> 00:54:41,480
the United States enters
in the Great War,

803
00:54:41,640 --> 00:54:43,120
a war that has become global.

804
00:54:44,400 --> 00:54:47,400
"An avalanche of crazy destruction
and merciless butchery",

805
00:54:47,560 --> 00:54:50,800
wrote Chaplin,
whose horizon has darkened.

806
00:54:52,760 --> 00:54:55,640
His love with Edna Purviance
faded.

807
00:54:55,800 --> 00:54:59,160
Now they won't play anymore
lovers than on screen.

808
00:55:11,760 --> 00:55:14,920
But it's this Great War
that concerns Charlie the most.

809
00:55:16,480 --> 00:55:19,400
Chaplin is British subject
and the press is wondering.

810
00:55:19,560 --> 00:55:21,240
While his comrades
fight and die

811
00:55:21,400 --> 00:55:23,280
by hundreds of thousands
in the trenches,

812
00:55:23,440 --> 00:55:25,840
is he moral
that Charlot continues to produce

813
00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:28,200
his little pranks
under the California sun?

814
00:55:29,320 --> 00:55:31,080
A great English press boss,

815
00:55:31,240 --> 00:55:33,480
Lord Northcliffe, takes up his pen:

816
00:55:34,000 --> 00:55:37,520
"Chaplin may be frail,
he stands firmly on his feet,

817
00:55:37,680 --> 00:55:40,160
"as evidenced by
his acrobatics on screen.

818
00:55:40,320 --> 00:55:42,760
"His duty is to present himself
ahead of recruitment

819
00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:45,680
"and to proudly claim
his British origins."

820
00:55:46,360 --> 00:55:48,280
"Charlie in khaki
would be one of the characters

821
00:55:48,440 --> 00:55:50,120
"the most popular in the army."

822
00:55:50,280 --> 00:55:51,560
"We will win without Charlot,

823
00:55:51,720 --> 00:55:53,880
"but we would prefer
conquer with him."

824
00:55:55,240 --> 00:55:57,200
The press campaign is violent.

825
00:55:57,800 --> 00:56:00,800
Chaplin is a slacker,
billionaire deserter.

826
00:56:03,720 --> 00:56:06,080
Charlie immediately makes it appear
a press release.

827
00:56:06,240 --> 00:56:08,840
"I'm ready
to answer the call of my country

828
00:56:09,000 --> 00:56:11,680
"to serve in any
any body and any position.

829
00:56:12,400 --> 00:56:14,040
"But like many others
British,

830
00:56:14,200 --> 00:56:16,080
"I'm waiting for a message from the embassy.

831
00:56:16,840 --> 00:56:18,960
"I signed up
on the enlistment list

832
00:56:19,120 --> 00:56:22,080
"and didn't ask
neither exemption nor favor."

833
00:56:22,640 --> 00:56:25,200
The British Embassy
comes to his rescue:

834
00:56:26,120 --> 00:56:28,400
"It is of such great use
for England

835
00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:30,520
"That Mr. Chaplin
earn a lot of money

836
00:56:30,680 --> 00:56:32,800
"and consecrate it
to war activities

837
00:56:32,960 --> 00:56:34,720
"rather than serving
in the trenches."

838
00:56:35,680 --> 00:56:37,800
But the attacks
and the insults continue.

839
00:56:38,040 --> 00:56:40,560
Charlie receives anonymous letters
and white feathers.

840
00:56:40,720 --> 00:56:41,560
He is shaken,

841
00:56:41,720 --> 00:56:45,200
bruised, and decides to introduce himself
at a recruiting office.

842
00:56:54,760 --> 00:56:56,080
He is reformed.

843
00:56:56,240 --> 00:56:58,960
The scale displays
underweight.

844
00:56:59,600 --> 00:57:02,880
Chaplin's weight is measured
in dollars and popularity.

845
00:57:03,840 --> 00:57:06,520
And Charlie will put both
in the service of the war effort.

846
00:57:10,840 --> 00:57:12,560
On April 6, 1918,

847
00:57:12,720 --> 00:57:14,920
during a huge parade
in Washington,

848
00:57:15,080 --> 00:57:19,280
alongside the movie star couple
Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks,

849
00:57:19,440 --> 00:57:20,680
Chaplin speaks.

850
00:57:56,920 --> 00:57:58,800
Two days later, in New York,

851
00:57:58,960 --> 00:58:02,400
it's a crowd of 35,000 people
who is waiting for Charlie on Wall Street.

852
00:58:07,680 --> 00:58:10,320
Chaplin is carried in triumph
by his friend Douglas Fairbanks,

853
00:58:11,320 --> 00:58:14,240
congratulated by the young
Undersecretary of State for the Navy,

854
00:58:14,400 --> 00:58:16,520
Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

855
00:58:19,080 --> 00:58:22,280
While Douglas and Mary
are campaigning in the North,

856
00:58:22,440 --> 00:58:25,720
Charlie completes his lifting tour
of funds in the Southern States.

857
00:58:30,080 --> 00:58:32,480
From Virginia to Texas,
passing through Carolina,

858
00:58:32,640 --> 00:58:36,520
Kentucky, Tennessee,
Mississippi and Louisiana,

859
00:58:36,680 --> 00:58:37,880
donations are pouring in.

860
00:58:39,080 --> 00:58:40,320
Chaplin is at the baton

861
00:58:40,480 --> 00:58:42,640
and he harvests
several million dollars.

862
00:58:56,520 --> 00:58:57,480
He is reassured.

863
00:58:58,080 --> 00:59:01,600
Its popularity is intact,
in America as in Europe.

864
00:59:01,760 --> 00:59:03,480
Charlot is international.

865
00:59:03,640 --> 00:59:06,440
It even serves as an outlet
for English soldiers,

866
00:59:06,600 --> 00:59:08,040
as seen in this photo

867
00:59:08,200 --> 00:59:10,720
taken on a battlefield
from the north of France,

868
00:59:10,880 --> 00:59:13,160
in a scene
most macabre.

869
00:59:13,760 --> 00:59:14,640
In hospitals,

870
00:59:14,800 --> 00:59:16,840
Chaplin's films are shown
on the ceiling

871
00:59:17,000 --> 00:59:18,600
so that the mutilated
can benefit from it.

872
00:59:19,480 --> 00:59:21,000
Several soldiers affirm this:

873
00:59:21,160 --> 00:59:22,640
his only appearance on screen

874
00:59:22,800 --> 00:59:25,120
for the injured
miraculous effects.

875
00:59:26,680 --> 00:59:30,520
So, after his charity tour,
Charlie finds the studios.

876
00:59:30,680 --> 00:59:31,840
He is making a propaganda film

877
00:59:32,000 --> 00:59:34,800
where his brother Sydney plays
German Kaiser Wilhelm II

878
00:59:34,960 --> 00:59:37,040
and he continues his campaign
call for donations.

879
00:59:38,440 --> 00:59:40,000
The film is offered to the government

880
00:59:40,160 --> 00:59:42,320
and distributed in all cinemas
of the United States.

881
00:59:45,800 --> 00:59:47,760
Then, against the advice of all his friends,

882
00:59:47,920 --> 00:59:50,040
Chaplin launches
in an ambitious comedy

883
00:59:50,200 --> 00:59:52,520
who will achieve phenomenal success,

884
00:59:52,680 --> 00:59:55,560
Shoulder Arms, Charlot soldier.

885
00:59:55,720 --> 00:59:59,320
A comedy film about war,
filmed during wartime.

886
00:59:59,480 --> 01:00:02,960
The audacity, the nerve,
Charlie is not afraid of anything.

887
01:00:05,160 --> 01:00:07,320
A journalist from Le Crapouillot writes:

888
01:00:08,160 --> 01:00:10,560
"Chaplin gives us
the first true film about war,

889
01:00:10,720 --> 01:00:12,360
"without having been there.

890
01:00:12,520 --> 01:00:13,960
"A chronicle
from the hell of the trenches

891
01:00:14,120 --> 01:00:16,440
"in which
the soldiers will recognize each other."

892
01:00:16,600 --> 01:00:19,040
The wanderer immortalizes the furry one.

893
01:00:19,200 --> 01:00:22,120
Once again, Charlot is
on the side of those who suffer.

894
01:00:22,280 --> 01:00:24,840
It's all there, the fear, the homesickness,

895
01:00:25,000 --> 01:00:26,680
mud, floods.

896
01:00:32,160 --> 01:00:34,480
But the tragedy
is necessarily burlesque.

897
01:00:34,640 --> 01:00:38,520
Laughter as an antidote to despair
to support the morale of the troops.

898
01:00:50,200 --> 01:00:53,760
Soldier Charlot is a film
antimilitarist, but patriotic.

899
01:00:54,600 --> 01:00:57,280
When Charlot comes to the rescue
of a young and beautiful French woman,

900
01:00:57,440 --> 01:00:59,320
played by Edna Purviance,

901
01:00:59,480 --> 01:01:02,240
Chaplin does not hesitate
to proclaim to the world:

902
01:01:02,400 --> 01:01:04,600
“I am an American soldier.”

903
01:01:12,280 --> 01:01:15,080
Charlot soldier was shot
during the summer of 1918,

904
01:01:15,240 --> 01:01:16,680
on the corner of Sunset Boulevard,

905
01:01:16,840 --> 01:01:19,240
one of the neighborhoods
the chicest in Hollywood.

906
01:01:19,400 --> 01:01:22,400
1416 North La Brea Avenue.

907
01:01:22,560 --> 01:01:25,600
This will now be the address
of the new Chaplin studios

908
01:01:25,760 --> 01:01:28,640
and his workplace
for the next 34 years.

909
01:01:29,160 --> 01:01:32,360
Built in just three months,
on a two hectare plot

910
01:01:32,520 --> 01:01:34,400
lemon trees,
orange and peach trees,

911
01:01:34,560 --> 01:01:37,880
this studio was
entirely imagined by Charlie.

912
01:01:48,200 --> 01:01:51,360
Small houses reminiscent
old English cottages,

913
01:01:51,520 --> 01:01:54,960
garden, swimming pool, laboratory,
editing room,

914
01:01:55,120 --> 01:01:58,120
nothing is missing. The ideal studio.

915
01:02:05,080 --> 01:02:08,280
In addition to his Japanese driver,
Charlie has at his service

916
01:02:08,440 --> 01:02:10,680
a valet secretary
who never leaves him.

917
01:02:19,520 --> 01:02:22,240
A strange courtship is formed
around the boss.

918
01:02:22,400 --> 01:02:24,040
One of his press officers
will testify:

919
01:02:27,000 --> 01:02:30,520
"As soon as he arrived in the morning,
everyone stopped immediately.

920
01:02:33,600 --> 01:02:35,880
"Actors, stagehands, electricians,

921
01:02:36,040 --> 01:02:37,640
“Everyone was lining up.

922
01:02:39,760 --> 01:02:41,400
"Obviously,
Charlie was not fooled.

923
01:02:41,560 --> 01:02:43,720
"He knew they were doing this
for a laugh.

924
01:02:43,880 --> 01:02:45,720
“In the meantime, he loved it.”

925
01:02:47,800 --> 01:02:50,320
However, Charles Spencer Chaplin

926
01:02:50,480 --> 01:02:52,000
hates being called “sir”.

927
01:02:52,160 --> 01:02:55,080
At work, everyone
must call him Charlie.

928
01:02:59,440 --> 01:03:02,160
Chaplin is 30 years old.
He now has his studio,

929
01:03:02,320 --> 01:03:03,960
but that is not enough for him.

930
01:03:04,120 --> 01:03:07,600
He wants to become his own
producer and distributor.

931
01:03:07,760 --> 01:03:09,680
"I've had enough
to be the turkey of the joke.

932
01:03:09,920 --> 01:03:12,600
"If my films can bring in
1 million dollars to grocers,

933
01:03:13,200 --> 01:03:15,440
"I prefer that this million
goes in my pocket."

934
01:03:23,480 --> 01:03:25,440
On February 5, 1919,

935
01:03:25,600 --> 01:03:28,920
Chaplin joins forces with
the immense star Douglas Fairbanks,

936
01:03:29,080 --> 01:03:31,560
as well as with his companion,
actress Mary Pickford,

937
01:03:31,720 --> 01:03:33,400
America's little bride,

938
01:03:34,440 --> 01:03:37,920
and to the master of cinema,
the author of Birth of a Nation,

939
01:03:38,080 --> 01:03:39,760
DW Griffith.

940
01:03:42,240 --> 01:03:45,280
Together they create
the company United Artists,

941
01:03:45,440 --> 01:03:46,880
Associated Artists.

942
01:03:47,480 --> 01:03:51,400
The conquest of artistic freedom
and financial, total and definitive.

943
01:03:51,560 --> 01:03:53,840
A clap of thunder
in the Hollywood sky.

944
01:03:55,640 --> 01:03:57,520
As formidable strategists, actors

945
01:03:57,680 --> 01:04:00,240
take power with a beard
seventh art majors.

946
01:04:01,520 --> 01:04:04,000
This is a unique fact
in the history of cinema.

947
01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:08,400
The Warner Brothers and Paramount
just have to behave.

948
01:04:08,560 --> 01:04:12,160
Charlot, plus Fairbanks,
plus Mary Pickford, plus Griffith.

949
01:04:12,320 --> 01:04:13,000
Between the four of them,

950
01:04:13,160 --> 01:04:15,960
they total millions
spectators and as many dollars.

951
01:04:16,120 --> 01:04:17,960
A formidable strike force.

952
01:04:18,120 --> 01:04:21,280
From now on,
they will be their own employers.

953
01:04:27,560 --> 01:04:29,920
Like he did in New York
for the war effort,

954
01:04:30,080 --> 01:04:32,480
Douglas hoists Charlot up at arm’s length.

955
01:04:32,640 --> 01:04:34,960
Since their first meeting
in 1917,

956
01:04:35,120 --> 01:04:36,240
these images bear witness to this,

957
01:04:36,400 --> 01:04:39,080
the two stars of the cinema
are inseparable.

958
01:04:39,240 --> 01:04:41,440
An unwavering male friendship

959
01:04:41,600 --> 01:04:43,720
to make Mary Pickford jealous.

960
01:04:45,920 --> 01:04:47,320
In his memoirs,

961
01:04:47,480 --> 01:04:50,440
Chaplin will speak about magnetism
and Doug's charm,

962
01:04:50,600 --> 01:04:53,400
of his enthusiasm
always sincere and childish.

963
01:04:55,160 --> 01:04:58,200
Douglas was the only man who managed
to make me ride a horse

964
01:04:58,360 --> 01:05:00,160
even though I found
this wicked beast,

965
01:05:00,320 --> 01:05:02,280
surly and half-idiotic.

966
01:05:04,000 --> 01:05:06,960
Charlie makes you laugh,
Douglas is a dream.

967
01:05:07,120 --> 01:05:09,760
Zorro and Charlot,
defenders of the oppressed.

968
01:05:09,920 --> 01:05:13,120
Two heroes,
absolute idols of the 20s.

969
01:05:13,280 --> 01:05:16,960
At the end of his life, Chaplin declared
that Fairbanks was undoubtedly

970
01:05:17,120 --> 01:05:18,680
his only true friend.

971
01:05:25,040 --> 01:05:27,480
No more short stories
in two reels.

972
01:05:27,640 --> 01:05:29,160
Thanks to the associated artists,

973
01:05:29,320 --> 01:05:31,200
Charlie is now filming
what he wants,

974
01:05:31,360 --> 01:05:34,520
as he wants, when he wants.
He is free.

975
01:05:34,680 --> 01:05:37,200
During his debut at Keystone,
in 1914,

976
01:05:37,360 --> 01:05:39,480
he was making a short film
per week.

977
01:05:39,640 --> 01:05:42,400
From now on it will be a film
every three years,

978
01:05:42,560 --> 01:05:43,920
then every five years.

979
01:05:44,080 --> 01:05:45,840
So many masterpieces to come

980
01:05:46,000 --> 01:05:48,200
who will mark forever
the memory of cinema.

981
01:05:48,360 --> 01:05:51,920
The lights of the city,
Modern Times, The Dictator,

982
01:05:52,520 --> 01:05:54,120
the series of great films.

983
01:06:08,040 --> 01:06:09,360
In 1924,

984
01:06:09,520 --> 01:06:12,920
Charlie embarks on his first
Hollywood blockbuster.

985
01:06:13,080 --> 01:06:14,080
An epic.

986
01:06:14,240 --> 01:06:17,120
170 days of filming
spread over 15 months,

987
01:06:17,280 --> 01:06:19,480
who will lead the team
at more than 3,000 m altitude,

988
01:06:20,160 --> 01:06:22,480
in the snowy mountains
of the Sierra Nevada.

989
01:06:24,040 --> 01:06:27,400
A grandiose natural setting.
The Gold Rush.

990
01:06:28,200 --> 01:06:29,400
For the opening scene,

991
01:06:29,560 --> 01:06:33,360
we have a path dug for 700 m
used by 600 extras.

992
01:06:36,240 --> 01:06:38,720
Four cameras film Charlot
in parallel.

993
01:06:38,880 --> 01:06:42,080
But the weather is terrible
and the team takes refuge in Los Angeles

994
01:06:42,240 --> 01:06:44,200
to shoot the sequel in the studio.

995
01:06:47,600 --> 01:06:50,400
Chaplin built
pharaonic decorations.

996
01:06:50,560 --> 01:06:53,400
500 decorator workers,
a colossal budget.

997
01:06:53,560 --> 01:06:57,480
Alaska reconstituted
under the Hollywood summer sun.

998
01:07:00,720 --> 01:07:01,960
If Chaplin is so precise

999
01:07:02,120 --> 01:07:04,560
in his reconstructions
quasi-documentary,

1000
01:07:04,720 --> 01:07:06,920
it's that he holds
to combine burlesque with reality

1001
01:07:07,080 --> 01:07:08,360
and comedy of despair.

1002
01:07:09,440 --> 01:07:11,640
It's a dramatic news item
who inspired him.

1003
01:07:12,240 --> 01:07:13,400
The Donner expedition,

1004
01:07:13,560 --> 01:07:16,120
this group of pioneers
caught in a snowstorm,

1005
01:07:16,280 --> 01:07:18,400
lost in the mountains
for months,

1006
01:07:18,560 --> 01:07:21,000
who ended up eating their cows,
their dogs,

1007
01:07:21,160 --> 01:07:24,280
then the leather of their shoes
before devouring each other.

1008
01:07:30,120 --> 01:07:32,840
Once again,
Chaplin shakes up conventions.

1009
01:07:33,360 --> 01:07:35,640
Cold, hunger, cannibalism

1010
01:07:35,800 --> 01:07:37,240
will be a laughing matter.

1011
01:08:12,120 --> 01:08:13,520
For the filming of this scene,

1012
01:08:13,680 --> 01:08:16,000
the props designer calls
to a confectioner.

1013
01:08:17,000 --> 01:08:18,840
The shoe is made of licorice.

1014
01:08:19,920 --> 01:08:23,240
The number of shots is such
that we must provide 20 pairs.

1015
01:08:24,480 --> 01:08:26,240
The laxative properties of licorice

1016
01:08:26,400 --> 01:08:28,520
will not leave unscathed
the guts of the two actors.

1017
01:09:28,360 --> 01:09:30,600
Chaplin films exclusion,

1018
01:09:30,760 --> 01:09:33,720
the wanderer is alone,
the poor are invisible.

1019
01:10:12,040 --> 01:10:14,920
At the end of filming,
Chaplin tells his team:

1020
01:10:15,560 --> 01:10:18,280
“It is for this film that I would like
Let me be remembered.”

1021
01:10:21,360 --> 01:10:23,560
Remembering The Gold Rush.

1022
01:10:23,720 --> 01:10:27,200
Remembering the Gold Rush,
but forget Lita,

1023
01:10:27,360 --> 01:10:30,960
Lita Grey, this teenager
encountered on the set of The Kid.

1024
01:10:31,560 --> 01:10:33,440
Lita was then 12 years old.

1025
01:10:37,640 --> 01:10:39,440
She reappears
on the eve of his 16th birthday,

1026
01:10:40,360 --> 01:10:43,160
try out for the role
principal of The Gold Rush,

1027
01:10:44,240 --> 01:10:45,800
catches Charlie's eye.

1028
01:10:46,640 --> 01:10:48,200
A witness remembers:

1029
01:10:48,360 --> 01:10:50,680
"'It's her!',
Chaplin exclaimed.

1030
01:10:50,840 --> 01:10:53,560
"There were several of us who thought
that it was the worst of all."

1031
01:10:55,040 --> 01:10:57,160
Lita signs her contract.

1032
01:10:57,320 --> 01:11:00,280
On the set,
the presence of his mother is imposed.

1033
01:11:00,440 --> 01:11:02,080
Lita goes from her mother's room

1034
01:11:02,240 --> 01:11:04,760
to Charlie's and becomes pregnant.

1035
01:11:04,920 --> 01:11:07,400
Filming interrupted,
concealed pregnancy,

1036
01:11:07,560 --> 01:11:09,200
Lita is replaced.

1037
01:11:09,360 --> 01:11:12,080
In California, having relationships
sexual with a minor

1038
01:11:12,240 --> 01:11:14,240
is punishable by 30 years in prison.

1039
01:11:14,400 --> 01:11:16,320
Chaplin offers money,
an abortion.

1040
01:11:16,480 --> 01:11:18,440
Lita's grandfather threatens:

1041
01:11:18,600 --> 01:11:22,000
“Either he marries you, or I kill him.”
He marries her,

1042
01:11:23,200 --> 01:11:24,680
in secret, in Mexico,

1043
01:11:24,840 --> 01:11:27,000
at 5 a.m.,
journalists on his trail.

1044
01:11:28,520 --> 01:11:29,480
A nightmare.

1045
01:11:32,000 --> 01:11:34,240
A child was born in 1925,

1046
01:11:35,040 --> 01:11:37,720
Charles Spencer Chaplin Junior

1047
01:11:37,880 --> 01:11:41,160
and a second, ten months later,
Sydney Junior.

1048
01:11:41,880 --> 01:11:43,920
Lita blames Charlie
to abandon her,

1049
01:11:44,080 --> 01:11:45,680
to deceive her, to spy on her.

1050
01:11:45,840 --> 01:11:48,920
1927, trial then divorce.

1051
01:11:49,080 --> 01:11:50,680
Charlie's second divorce,

1052
01:11:50,840 --> 01:11:53,360
who had crossed
similar ordeal in 1919,

1053
01:11:53,520 --> 01:11:55,400
with actress Mildred Harris.

1054
01:11:55,560 --> 01:11:58,520
But the child he will have with Mildred
only lived three days.

1055
01:11:59,880 --> 01:12:02,120
And Charlie immediately
launched headlong

1056
01:12:02,280 --> 01:12:04,960
in search of the little boy
who was going to play the Kid.

1057
01:12:05,680 --> 01:12:07,320
It will be Jackie Coogan.

1058
01:12:14,360 --> 01:12:16,440
The Lita Gray Divorce Affair

1059
01:12:16,600 --> 01:12:18,320
will end
by the largest transaction

1060
01:12:18,480 --> 01:12:20,000
never made in America.

1061
01:12:20,960 --> 01:12:24,120
Chaplin will have to pay more
of a million dollars at the time,

1062
01:12:24,280 --> 01:12:26,600
but will keep
the right to see their children.

1063
01:12:27,400 --> 01:12:30,200
The intimacy of the couple is delivered
grazing to the public.

1064
01:12:31,040 --> 01:12:32,840
Pirate copies
of Lita's complaint

1065
01:12:33,000 --> 01:12:34,640
are being snapped up in bookstores.

1066
01:12:36,480 --> 01:12:38,880
Chaplin becomes
the ideal and expiatory victim

1067
01:12:39,080 --> 01:12:41,720
of this puritanical America
which vomits Hollywood.

1068
01:12:41,880 --> 01:12:44,680
He sinks into a deep
nervous breakdown.

1069
01:12:48,320 --> 01:12:50,120
We think his career is over.

1070
01:12:50,760 --> 01:12:54,040
But Charlie gets back to work
and returns to his first loves,

1071
01:12:54,200 --> 01:12:55,280
the circus.

1072
01:12:55,840 --> 01:12:58,360
The making of this film
is an ordeal.

1073
01:12:58,520 --> 01:13:00,280
February 12, 1926,

1074
01:13:00,800 --> 01:13:02,360
problem in the laboratory,

1075
01:13:02,520 --> 01:13:05,400
everything that was filmed
for a month has been lost.

1076
01:13:05,560 --> 01:13:07,000
We start from zero.

1077
01:13:07,160 --> 01:13:08,440
September 28,

1078
01:13:08,600 --> 01:13:11,000
the sets, which had been ravaged
some time earlier

1079
01:13:11,160 --> 01:13:12,800
by a phenomenal storm,

1080
01:13:12,960 --> 01:13:15,280
are, this time,
reduced to ashes by fire.

1081
01:13:15,440 --> 01:13:16,680
Eight months off.

1082
01:13:17,760 --> 01:13:20,360
January 12, 1927,

1083
01:13:20,520 --> 01:13:22,800
mandated bailiffs
by Lita's lawyers

1084
01:13:22,960 --> 01:13:25,960
intrude into the studio
to grab the Circus reels.

1085
01:13:26,120 --> 01:13:28,040
But Charlie took them to safety.

1086
01:13:28,840 --> 01:13:30,680
All his assets are frozen,

1087
01:13:30,840 --> 01:13:35,240
private detectives monitor
his home and studio 24 hours a day.

1088
01:14:00,520 --> 01:14:03,200
When the verdict is announced
divorce from Lita Grey,

1089
01:14:03,360 --> 01:14:05,720
Charlie appears
under the flashes of journalists.

1090
01:14:07,680 --> 01:14:11,520
Her hair has turned white,
he is surrounded, emaciated.

1091
01:14:13,240 --> 01:14:15,840
These years 1925-1927,

1092
01:14:16,000 --> 01:14:18,240
Chaplin will try
to forget them all his life.

1093
01:14:18,880 --> 01:14:19,920
In his autobiography,

1094
01:14:20,080 --> 01:14:22,200
only a few lines
are devoted to it.

1095
01:14:22,360 --> 01:14:23,920
"We were married for two years.

1096
01:14:24,080 --> 01:14:26,960
"and it all ended
amidst much bitterness.

1097
01:14:27,120 --> 01:14:29,280
"As we have two big sons
which I like very much,

1098
01:14:29,440 --> 01:14:31,520
"I don't want
go into details."

1099
01:14:33,320 --> 01:14:34,800
As for the filming of the film,

1100
01:14:34,960 --> 01:14:37,280
Chaplin passes it
completely silent.

1101
01:14:37,440 --> 01:14:40,720
The Circus will however remain one
of his finest feature films.

1102
01:15:24,880 --> 01:15:28,200
On January 27, 1928, in Hollywood,

1103
01:15:28,360 --> 01:15:30,440
the crowd is rushing
at the Cirque premiere.

1104
01:15:31,080 --> 01:15:32,400
Calls to boycott the film,

1105
01:15:32,560 --> 01:15:34,800
launched by feminist leagues,
do not take.

1106
01:15:35,120 --> 01:15:37,880
Saved by his audience,
Chaplin states:

1107
01:15:38,040 --> 01:15:39,800
“I am very happy
to contribute modestly

1108
01:15:39,960 --> 01:15:41,680
"to all this happiness of humanity.

1109
01:15:41,840 --> 01:15:44,120
"The cinema,
it’s the democracy of art.”

1110
01:15:45,760 --> 01:15:47,080
Ladies and gentlemen,

1111
01:15:47,960 --> 01:15:50,000
I just got back from Hollywood,

1112
01:15:50,160 --> 01:15:52,080
which is the city of the film,

1113
01:15:52,240 --> 01:15:55,720
just like Chicago
is the city of sausage.

1114
01:15:56,640 --> 01:16:00,520
In Hollywood, we don't make
canned goods, but stars.

1115
01:16:01,240 --> 01:16:03,640
I had the pleasure
to meet there

1116
01:16:03,800 --> 01:16:05,520
Mr. Charlie Chaplin,

1117
01:16:05,680 --> 01:16:08,080
who said to me: “Long live silence!”

1118
01:16:09,960 --> 01:16:11,840
“Long live silence,” said Chaplin.

1119
01:16:12,000 --> 01:16:13,320
But on the eve of the 1930s,

1120
01:16:13,480 --> 01:16:14,600
the cinema begins to speak

1121
01:16:14,760 --> 01:16:16,280
and Hollywood continues the talkies.

1122
01:16:17,800 --> 01:16:20,040
The Jazz Singer is
the first talking and singing film

1123
01:16:20,200 --> 01:16:21,520
of the history of cinema.

1124
01:16:31,600 --> 01:16:32,880
It's a triumph.

1125
01:16:33,680 --> 01:16:35,040
Journalists ask:

1126
01:16:35,200 --> 01:16:38,320
Will Chaplin succumb?
to the wave of speaking?

1127
01:16:38,480 --> 01:16:39,720
He answers them:

1128
01:16:39,880 --> 01:16:41,560
"I cannot suffer
talking cinema,

1129
01:16:41,720 --> 01:16:45,160
"the mechanical atmosphere
the sound studio scares me,

1130
01:16:45,320 --> 01:16:48,000
"the simple sight of a microphone
makes me nauseous.

1131
01:16:48,160 --> 01:16:50,720
"I must be free
to express emotion in my own way,

1132
01:16:50,880 --> 01:16:52,320
“by pure pantomime.”

1133
01:17:05,120 --> 01:17:06,640
How could Charlot speak?

1134
01:17:07,160 --> 01:17:10,400
In what language?
With what voice? What accent?

1135
01:17:10,560 --> 01:17:13,320
Charlot doesn't need words
to make yourself understood.

1136
01:17:13,480 --> 01:17:16,000
Mute by nature, it is universal.

1137
01:17:16,160 --> 01:17:19,280
Making Charlot speak would be
break its charm and magic.

1138
01:17:40,440 --> 01:17:44,000
"Cinema is images and illusions",
Chaplin explains.

1139
01:17:44,160 --> 01:17:46,160
“Let’s not make it anything else.

1140
01:17:46,320 --> 01:17:48,520
"Talking films spoil
all the art of cinema.

1141
01:17:48,680 --> 01:17:51,200
"They destroy
the great beauty of silence.

1142
01:17:51,360 --> 01:17:53,760
"I will not use words
in my next film.

1143
01:17:53,920 --> 01:17:55,400
“I will never use it.”

1144
01:17:59,400 --> 01:18:01,640
Al Jolson,
the interpreter of the Jazz Singer,

1145
01:18:01,840 --> 01:18:04,280
reacts to Chaplin's statements:

1146
01:18:05,720 --> 01:18:08,960
"Charlie is wrong to say so loudly
that he hates talking films,

1147
01:18:09,120 --> 01:18:11,160
"because he will be obliged to come there,
like the others.

1148
01:18:11,320 --> 01:18:13,560
“Otherwise, he will be abandoned
by his former admirers

1149
01:18:14,200 --> 01:18:15,760
"and won't do anything at all."

1150
01:18:16,920 --> 01:18:18,800
"The public will no longer see
silent films.

1151
01:18:18,960 --> 01:18:20,800
"Harold Lloyd will do
talking films.

1152
01:18:22,600 --> 01:18:25,400
"Don't say no, Charlie,
I know you will come there.

1153
01:18:25,560 --> 01:18:26,880
"And if you don't have one
done again,

1154
01:18:27,040 --> 01:18:28,160
"you are timid

1155
01:18:28,320 --> 01:18:30,320
"and you fear
not to succeed."

1156
01:18:34,680 --> 01:18:36,360
But Chaplin doesn't care.

1157
01:18:36,520 --> 01:18:37,280
For him,

1158
01:18:37,440 --> 01:18:40,320
silence will always be
more telling, more poetic.

1159
01:18:42,480 --> 01:18:44,720
A raised eyebrow,
however tenuous it may be,

1160
01:18:44,880 --> 01:18:47,240
sometimes says more
only a hundred words.

1161
01:18:48,000 --> 01:18:51,680
Charlot is mute
and will stubbornly remain so,

1162
01:18:51,840 --> 01:18:53,320
irreducibly.

1163
01:19:00,880 --> 01:19:02,320
Charlie can predict well

1164
01:19:02,480 --> 01:19:05,000
that he does not give
three years of existence of talkies,

1165
01:19:05,160 --> 01:19:06,840
he knows well, deep down,

1166
01:19:07,000 --> 01:19:09,440
that the advent of speaking
is a revolution.

1167
01:19:09,600 --> 01:19:12,080
A revolution
who is likely to win

1168
01:19:12,240 --> 01:19:14,560
as she has already swallowed
his comrade Buster Keaton

1169
01:19:14,720 --> 01:19:16,320
and so many other artists.

1170
01:19:24,400 --> 01:19:26,880
Keaton, seen here in 1928,

1171
01:19:27,040 --> 01:19:28,720
in one of his last
great masterpieces,

1172
01:19:28,880 --> 01:19:31,280
will have to start talking,
two years later,

1173
01:19:31,440 --> 01:19:35,120
under the constraint of its producer,
the Metro Goldwyn Mayer.

1174
01:19:35,280 --> 01:19:37,120
Painful experience,

1175
01:19:37,280 --> 01:19:39,440
he falls into alcohol
and depression.

1176
01:19:41,800 --> 01:19:43,120
It's the twilight of the silent.

1177
01:19:43,800 --> 01:19:47,160
Charlie, in truth, is anxious.
His next film is a challenge.

1178
01:19:47,440 --> 01:19:49,760
"Only one star has not yet
converted to speaking",

1179
01:19:49,920 --> 01:19:51,360
writes the Hollywood press.

1180
01:19:52,080 --> 01:19:53,840
Everyone is waiting
the next Chaplin,

1181
01:19:54,000 --> 01:19:57,320
the only actor-director left
on the silent cinema liner,

1182
01:19:57,480 --> 01:19:58,720
sinking.

1183
01:20:18,000 --> 01:20:20,280
The new Chaplin
is a sound film,

1184
01:20:20,440 --> 01:20:22,080
sound but without words.

1185
01:20:26,520 --> 01:20:29,040
A way to settle the score
to this talking cinema,

1186
01:20:29,200 --> 01:20:31,560
which, in its beginnings,
stammers and stammers.

1187
01:20:39,600 --> 01:20:41,480
"Dialogue films
make a rattling noise",

1188
01:20:41,640 --> 01:20:42,840
says Charlie.

1189
01:20:43,560 --> 01:20:46,240
From the opening of his film,
it's a double blow,

1190
01:20:46,400 --> 01:20:48,200
making fun of the speaker

1191
01:20:48,360 --> 01:20:51,040
as much as the notables
of good American society.

1192
01:21:03,320 --> 01:21:05,520
It's Chaplin
who oversees the soundtrack

1193
01:21:05,680 --> 01:21:07,920
and who creates the music
City Lights.

1194
01:21:08,080 --> 01:21:10,320
His control is now total.

1195
01:21:11,640 --> 01:21:13,840
Absolute artistic direction.

1196
01:21:14,000 --> 01:21:16,960
Actor and author,
director and producer,

1197
01:21:17,120 --> 01:21:19,760
Charlie is also
composer and choreographer.

1198
01:22:02,320 --> 01:22:05,520
With City Lights,
Chaplin achieves perfection.

1199
01:22:05,680 --> 01:22:08,560
He takes care of the smallest detail,
he is the model.

1200
01:22:08,720 --> 01:22:10,920
He plays all the roles
and all the characters.

1201
01:22:11,080 --> 01:22:13,280
Actors and actresses
execute.

1202
01:22:13,440 --> 01:22:15,800
They just have to watch
and reproduce.

1203
01:22:15,960 --> 01:22:17,600
No room for interpretation.

1204
01:22:28,360 --> 01:22:29,480
For the dating scene

1205
01:22:29,640 --> 01:22:31,880
of the young blind florist
and the wanderer,

1206
01:22:32,040 --> 01:22:35,120
he seeks the ideal tempo,
the perfect pantomime.

1207
01:22:42,840 --> 01:22:44,960
Obsessive, close to neurosis,

1208
01:22:45,120 --> 01:22:47,520
he shoots 450 takes
of this same sequence,

1209
01:22:47,680 --> 01:22:48,880
tirelessly,

1210
01:22:49,040 --> 01:22:51,040
don't hesitate
to interrupt filming,

1211
01:22:51,200 --> 01:22:53,200
to put in the pestle
whole reels,

1212
01:22:53,360 --> 01:22:55,600
thus sacrificing
weeks of work

1213
01:22:55,760 --> 01:22:57,880
until you find the right idea
staging

1214
01:22:58,040 --> 01:22:59,560
who will make the florist believe

1215
01:22:59,720 --> 01:23:01,920
that the poor are fortunate.

1216
01:23:35,600 --> 01:23:38,840
Chaplin's mood is wandering,
its changing character.

1217
01:23:39,000 --> 01:23:39,840
On a whim,

1218
01:23:40,000 --> 01:23:42,520
he sends back three
of its main collaborators,

1219
01:23:42,680 --> 01:23:44,560
then think about changing actresses.

1220
01:23:46,200 --> 01:23:48,600
To decrypt
boss's day state of mind,

1221
01:23:48,760 --> 01:23:52,080
studio employees telephone,
in the morning, to his butler.

1222
01:23:52,240 --> 01:23:54,200
"How did Charlie dress
this morning?"

1223
01:23:55,160 --> 01:23:57,760
If his suit is green,
the weather will be stormy.

1224
01:23:57,920 --> 01:24:00,560
If he is dressed in gray,
uncertain weather.

1225
01:24:02,120 --> 01:24:03,680
But the striped blue
is the promise

1226
01:24:03,840 --> 01:24:05,840
of a sweet and creative day.

1227
01:24:22,040 --> 01:24:24,240
The world premiere
City Lights

1228
01:24:24,400 --> 01:24:27,880
takes place in Los Angeles
January 30, 1931,

1229
01:24:28,040 --> 01:24:31,520
after filming which was spread out
over almost two years.

1230
01:24:31,680 --> 01:24:35,040
It's the fever of the great days,
All-Hollywood.

1231
01:24:35,880 --> 01:24:38,040
Charlie Chaplin appears
alongside his friends,

1232
01:24:38,200 --> 01:24:40,840
Professor Albert Einstein
and his wife.

1233
01:24:41,000 --> 01:24:44,440
Suddenly, Chaplin begins to doubt.
He tells himself that he was too spoiled,

1234
01:24:44,600 --> 01:24:47,360
that he ate his white bread,
that he is no longer in the game.

1235
01:24:47,880 --> 01:24:51,360
2,500 spectators.
His heart is beating wildly.

1236
01:24:52,280 --> 01:24:55,800
City Lights,
a romantic comedy in pantomime,

1237
01:24:56,320 --> 01:24:58,880
an anachronism in 1931.

1238
01:24:59,040 --> 01:25:01,120
What will be
public reactions?

1239
01:25:02,040 --> 01:25:04,080
He is particularly waiting
the final scene.

1240
01:25:04,240 --> 01:25:06,360
This sequence which,
once is not customary,

1241
01:25:06,520 --> 01:25:09,360
was thought
even before writing the script.

1242
01:25:09,520 --> 01:25:11,840
Charlie attaches it
the greatest importance,

1243
01:25:12,000 --> 01:25:14,800
as if it were to constitute
the peak of the film.

1244
01:25:14,960 --> 01:25:17,040
The reunion with the florist.

1245
01:25:18,320 --> 01:25:19,640
When Charlot leaves prison,

1246
01:25:20,240 --> 01:25:21,520
he passes in front of the rich boutique

1247
01:25:21,680 --> 01:25:24,040
of the one who is no longer
a little street vendor

1248
01:25:24,200 --> 01:25:25,720
and who has regained his sight,

1249
01:25:25,880 --> 01:25:28,720
thanks to eye surgery
paid by the vagabond.

1250
01:25:29,400 --> 01:25:31,480
This benefactor wrongly imprisoned,

1251
01:25:31,640 --> 01:25:33,920
this lover
whose face she does not know,

1252
01:25:34,080 --> 01:25:37,320
that she imagines wealthy,
but who is only a tramp.

1253
01:27:49,120 --> 01:27:51,080
In his memoirs, Chaplin wrote:

1254
01:27:51,840 --> 01:27:55,040
"During this last scene,
I saw Einstein wipe his eyes.

1255
01:27:55,800 --> 01:27:58,880
"New proof that scientists
are incurably sentimental."

1256
01:27:59,760 --> 01:28:03,720
When the Los Angeles Theater
lights up again, it's an ovation.

1257
01:28:04,560 --> 01:28:07,840
“A hard blow for talking cinema”,
writes a Hollywood critic.

1258
01:28:08,520 --> 01:28:10,160
Charlie breathes again.

1259
01:28:10,800 --> 01:28:12,080
“I’m a pantomime.

1260
01:28:12,240 --> 01:28:15,800
"In this area, I am unique
and without false modesty, a master.

1261
01:28:15,960 --> 01:28:19,160
"This silent film brought me
more money than the previous ones.

1262
01:28:19,320 --> 01:28:21,320
"So why would you
what am I talking about?"

1263
01:28:23,480 --> 01:28:25,680
It is during the preparation
City Lights

1264
01:28:25,840 --> 01:28:28,480
that Charlie learns
the death of Hannah Hill, his mother.

1265
01:28:28,640 --> 01:28:32,600
This beloved mother.
She was 63 years old.

1266
01:28:32,760 --> 01:28:35,360
Charlie and Sydney
brought him to Los Angeles,

1267
01:28:35,520 --> 01:28:37,120
seven years earlier.

1268
01:28:37,280 --> 01:28:39,280
Hannah's madness had softened,

1269
01:28:39,440 --> 01:28:41,440
but she needed
to be monitored.

1270
01:28:41,600 --> 01:28:44,920
A house near the sea,
home nurse.

1271
01:28:46,560 --> 01:28:49,280
When, on a visit to the Chaplin studio,
she had discovered

1272
01:28:49,440 --> 01:28:51,880
his son made up
and dressed as a wanderer,

1273
01:28:52,040 --> 01:28:53,680
she cried:

1274
01:28:53,840 --> 01:28:56,000
"Charlie, you absolutely need
a new suit

1275
01:28:56,160 --> 01:28:57,840
“and you have a terrible complexion.

1276
01:28:58,080 --> 01:28:59,400
“You should get some sun.”

1277
01:29:04,240 --> 01:29:08,040
Chaplin rarely went to see her,
too many painful memories.

1278
01:29:08,800 --> 01:29:11,000
In his autobiography, he wrote:

1279
01:29:11,160 --> 01:29:13,520
"How strange it was
that his life ends here,

1280
01:29:13,680 --> 01:29:17,560
"in the vicinity of Hollywood,
with all these absurd values.

1281
01:29:18,120 --> 01:29:20,320
“A flood of memories welled up in me.

1282
01:29:20,480 --> 01:29:22,920
"I remembered
the long struggle of his existence,

1283
01:29:23,080 --> 01:29:25,320
"his sufferings, his courage,

1284
01:29:25,480 --> 01:29:27,480
"and his tragic and lost life."

1285
01:29:30,480 --> 01:29:33,120
Since his arrival in America,
20 years ago,

1286
01:29:33,280 --> 01:29:37,040
Charlie didn't return to the Old Man
Continent only once, in 1921,

1287
01:29:37,200 --> 01:29:38,920
only five short weeks.

1288
01:29:40,640 --> 01:29:42,520
He never stopped working.

1289
01:29:43,000 --> 01:29:46,240
After City Lights,
he dreams of great journeys.

1290
01:29:46,400 --> 01:29:47,920
He told the press:

1291
01:29:48,080 --> 01:29:50,960
"I'm no longer aware
of what is happening in the world.

1292
01:29:51,120 --> 01:29:54,280
"I want to observe and find
ideas for my next film.

1293
01:29:54,440 --> 01:29:57,400
"Like all egocentrics,
I live turned on myself.

1294
01:29:57,560 --> 01:30:01,200
“I want to live my youth again.
I need to go back in time.”

1295
01:30:03,360 --> 01:30:05,520
On February 13, 1931,

1296
01:30:05,680 --> 01:30:08,520
Charlie embarks
aboard the liner Mauretania.

1297
01:30:08,680 --> 01:30:10,840
He is thinking of going away
little time from America.

1298
01:30:11,440 --> 01:30:14,960
But this vacation will last 16 months,
a world tour.

1299
01:30:16,560 --> 01:30:18,440
Charlie hardly goes out
from his cabin

1300
01:30:18,600 --> 01:30:20,480
during the six days of crossing.

1301
01:30:20,640 --> 01:30:22,160
He is exhausted
by years of work

1302
01:30:22,360 --> 01:30:23,320
on City Lights.

1303
01:30:28,920 --> 01:30:32,120
Arriving in England, he is acclaimed
by a considerable crowd.

1304
01:30:32,920 --> 01:30:35,840
The same crowd awaits him in Berlin,
Vienna, Venice.

1305
01:30:39,360 --> 01:30:41,000
Paris acclaims him:

1306
01:30:41,160 --> 01:30:44,560
“It’s Charlot we need,
the idol of the crowds."

1307
01:31:15,760 --> 01:31:18,880
"I am pushed from all sides,
like a loving embrace.

1308
01:31:19,040 --> 01:31:20,080
“I love it.”

1309
01:31:27,720 --> 01:31:30,440
It is for the public of Vienna
and Austrian news

1310
01:31:30,600 --> 01:31:33,360
that Chaplin will grant
an exceptional favor.

1311
01:31:33,520 --> 01:31:36,200
For the first time,
his voice is recorded and broadcast.

1312
01:31:43,760 --> 01:31:45,520
Good morning.

1313
01:31:45,680 --> 01:31:48,320
The speech is not very long,
but it is new.

1314
01:31:48,480 --> 01:31:50,240
Thank you so much.

1315
01:31:50,400 --> 01:31:53,760
The intellectual and political elite
European wants to meet Charlot.

1316
01:31:53,920 --> 01:31:55,640
And Charlie doesn't need to be asked.

1317
01:31:55,800 --> 01:31:58,960
Drowning in invitations,
he is delighted, honored.

1318
01:31:59,120 --> 01:32:01,440
A festival of socialities.

1319
01:32:01,600 --> 01:32:02,560
The high life.

1320
01:32:02,720 --> 01:32:05,960
In Berlin, he takes tea
with Marlene Dietrich.

1321
01:32:06,920 --> 01:32:10,240
On the Côte d'Azur, he plays
playing pétanque with Maurice Chevalier.

1322
01:32:10,400 --> 01:32:13,520
He tastes the pleasures of the beach
in Juan-les-Pins and Biarritz.

1323
01:32:15,080 --> 01:32:18,960
In Switzerland, he skis with André Citroën
and Douglas Fairbanks,

1324
01:32:19,120 --> 01:32:22,240
dines with the Prince of Wales.
He is the guest of the King of the Belgians

1325
01:32:22,400 --> 01:32:24,240
and George Bernard Shaw.

1326
01:32:25,040 --> 01:32:26,240
"I had the impression of entering

1327
01:32:26,400 --> 01:32:29,000
"into the hall of fame
at Madame Tussauds,

1328
01:32:29,160 --> 01:32:32,280
"except they weren't made of wax,
but in flesh and blood."

1329
01:32:34,200 --> 01:32:36,840
The little street wanderer
could he have ever imagined

1330
01:32:37,000 --> 01:32:39,720
that he would become friends
with Winston Churchill,

1331
01:32:39,880 --> 01:32:42,760
that he would be decorated in Paris
of the Legion of Honor

1332
01:32:42,920 --> 01:32:44,240
and would have lunch at the Quai d'Orsay

1333
01:32:44,400 --> 01:32:47,160
with the former President of the Council
Aristide Briand?

1334
01:32:47,840 --> 01:32:50,040
He is welcomed
like a head of state.

1335
01:32:55,200 --> 01:32:58,040
Chaplin speaks more and more often
politics, economics.

1336
01:32:58,200 --> 01:33:00,360
He is interested in the way the world works.

1337
01:33:00,520 --> 01:33:03,000
The social situation worries him.

1338
01:33:03,160 --> 01:33:05,480
The clown frees himself,
he takes the time to read

1339
01:33:05,640 --> 01:33:07,160
and forms opinions.

1340
01:33:09,320 --> 01:33:12,880
It was then that we offered him
to meet Mahatma Gandhi.

1341
01:33:13,040 --> 01:33:16,440
The independence guide to India
is passing through London.

1342
01:33:16,600 --> 01:33:18,240
Many in the United Kingdom

1343
01:33:18,400 --> 01:33:20,800
are those who would like
see Gandhi behind bars.

1344
01:33:21,440 --> 01:33:23,640
Funny meeting
between these two celebrities

1345
01:33:23,840 --> 01:33:27,520
who are desperately searching
a topic of conversation.

1346
01:33:27,680 --> 01:33:30,320
It must be said that Gandhi is
one of the few men on earth

1347
01:33:30,480 --> 01:33:32,600
to have never seen
a Charlot film.

1348
01:33:37,600 --> 01:33:40,160
Charlie goes back in time
of his childhood,

1349
01:33:40,320 --> 01:33:41,760
his most painful past.

1350
01:33:41,920 --> 01:33:44,080
He wants to see again
Hanwell orphanage.

1351
01:33:48,000 --> 01:33:49,240
“Everything is there, as before.

1352
01:33:49,880 --> 01:33:51,720
"In the refectory, I find my place,

1353
01:33:51,880 --> 01:33:54,120
"the third chair
of the fourth table.

1354
01:33:54,760 --> 01:33:56,520
“Who is occupying it now?

1355
01:33:57,640 --> 01:34:01,120
"Why is this popular London
Does it still squeeze my heart?

1356
01:34:01,280 --> 01:34:05,040
"The affection of these people hurts me,
but a magnificent pain.

1357
01:34:05,200 --> 01:34:06,400
“I’m one of them.”

1358
01:34:07,880 --> 01:34:10,520
He was one of them.
He changed the world.

1359
01:34:10,680 --> 01:34:13,720
The London of caps is
far from Hollywood hats.

1360
01:34:14,320 --> 01:34:16,920
However,
never Charles Spencer Chaplin

1361
01:34:17,080 --> 01:34:19,120
will not really belong
to good society.

1362
01:34:19,840 --> 01:34:22,560
Although he learns,
trying to catch up with time,

1363
01:34:22,720 --> 01:34:25,000
he doesn't have good manners,
good grammar.

1364
01:34:25,760 --> 01:34:29,640
So he hides his shortcomings
behind his eccentricities.

1365
01:34:29,800 --> 01:34:32,720
Charlie loves to please,
he pretends and plays the clown.

1366
01:34:32,880 --> 01:34:35,360
And good society loves it.

1367
01:35:25,480 --> 01:35:28,240
Charlie doesn't seem to have decided
to return to Hollywood.

1368
01:35:28,400 --> 01:35:30,560
After Europe,
heading for the Far East,

1369
01:35:32,160 --> 01:35:34,120
Chaplin is at the halfway point of his life.

1370
01:35:35,480 --> 01:35:37,120
He is looking to recharge his batteries.

1371
01:35:38,600 --> 01:35:40,160
Bali is a revelation.

1372
01:35:43,240 --> 01:35:45,040
"I'm not on this island
that for a few hours,

1373
01:35:45,200 --> 01:35:46,840
"but I have the impression
to have always lived there.

1374
01:35:48,200 --> 01:35:51,800
"How easy it is for a man
to return to its natural state.

1375
01:35:51,960 --> 01:35:53,440
"How far I feel
from the rest of the world."

1376
01:36:02,840 --> 01:36:05,040
Charlie wonders about his future.

1377
01:36:05,200 --> 01:36:07,920
A film that he would shoot here, in Bali,

1378
01:36:08,080 --> 01:36:09,960
an anti-colonialist satire.

1379
01:36:10,760 --> 01:36:14,480
But it's ultimately at the root
of colonialism that he will attack,

1380
01:36:14,640 --> 01:36:18,600
capitalism, capitalism
destructive and alienating.

1381
01:36:27,200 --> 01:36:29,880
When Charlie returns to the United States
in June 1932,

1382
01:36:30,040 --> 01:36:31,600
the country is in crisis.

1383
01:36:32,160 --> 01:36:35,520
America no longer makes us dream
and Charlie is disenchanted.

1384
01:36:36,120 --> 01:36:38,880
His friends Douglas Fairbanks
and Mary Pickford were divorced.

1385
01:36:39,040 --> 01:36:40,800
The silent industry is dead.

1386
01:36:41,440 --> 01:36:44,000
The crash of 1929 took its toll.

1387
01:36:44,160 --> 01:36:45,240
Factories close,

1388
01:36:45,400 --> 01:36:47,840
a quarter of the population
is unemployed.

1389
01:36:48,000 --> 01:36:49,360
Poverty wins.

1390
01:36:49,520 --> 01:36:52,800
The Great Depression,
an economic cataclysm.

1391
01:36:58,480 --> 01:36:59,520
At the dawn of the 1930s,

1392
01:37:00,120 --> 01:37:02,720
Charlie Chaplin entered
in cinema legend.

1393
01:37:02,880 --> 01:37:04,120
He can't stop there.

1394
01:37:05,080 --> 01:37:07,240
"I believe that success had
suddenly endowed my opinions

1395
01:37:07,440 --> 01:37:08,840
"of some importance.

1396
01:37:09,440 --> 01:37:11,920
The wanderer now wants
enter world history

1397
01:37:12,080 --> 01:37:13,080
and modern times.

1398
01:37:32,560 --> 01:37:35,400
His sixth feature film
will be resolutely political.

1399
01:37:37,000 --> 01:37:39,920
Charlie decides not to hide anything
on the other side of the American coin:

1400
01:37:40,520 --> 01:37:43,440
poverty, homelessness,
strikes,

1401
01:37:43,600 --> 01:37:46,240
the demonstrations
and police violence.

1402
01:38:06,320 --> 01:38:07,840
A few years earlier,

1403
01:38:08,000 --> 01:38:11,600
Chaplin visited the Ford factory,
profit and robotization model.

1404
01:38:12,640 --> 01:38:16,280
He will never forget these workers,
enslaved by assembly line work,

1405
01:38:16,440 --> 01:38:19,240
treated like guinea pigs
who lose all humanity.

1406
01:38:19,400 --> 01:38:20,680
His conviction is made.

1407
01:38:21,280 --> 01:38:23,560
The man must not be
slave of the machine,

1408
01:38:23,720 --> 01:38:25,800
it is the machine that must be
in the service of man.

1409
01:38:25,960 --> 01:38:28,560
Progress is not
only a question of profitability.

1410
01:38:29,240 --> 01:38:32,760
To star in his new film
the ruthless factory boss,

1411
01:38:32,920 --> 01:38:34,000
Chaplin chooses a double

1412
01:38:34,160 --> 01:38:36,880
from the car manufacturer
Henry Ford,

1413
01:38:37,040 --> 01:38:39,400
notorious anti-communist and anti-Semite,

1414
01:38:39,560 --> 01:38:42,480
which prohibits the presence
unions in his company

1415
01:38:42,640 --> 01:38:44,280
and imposes infernal speeds.

1416
01:39:16,760 --> 01:39:18,520
Chaplin shows up
more and more critical

1417
01:39:18,680 --> 01:39:20,320
towards the capitalist system.

1418
01:39:20,840 --> 01:39:22,280
Since his trip around the world,

1419
01:39:22,440 --> 01:39:24,560
influenced
by the English Labor Party,

1420
01:39:24,720 --> 01:39:27,360
he defends unemployment benefit,
reduction of working hours,

1421
01:39:27,840 --> 01:39:29,480
advocates the nationalization of banks,

1422
01:39:29,640 --> 01:39:31,520
reduction in state spending

1423
01:39:31,680 --> 01:39:33,440
and the implementation
of a minimum wage

1424
01:39:33,600 --> 01:39:35,400
which allows you to live decently.

1425
01:39:35,560 --> 01:39:36,480
He writes:

1426
01:39:36,640 --> 01:39:39,560
"The idea that we should
distribute the money at the top

1427
01:39:39,720 --> 01:39:43,040
"in the hope that it filters
down to the common people is a disaster."

1428
01:39:45,840 --> 01:39:47,840
This is the policy
of President Hoover,

1429
01:39:48,000 --> 01:39:50,200
defeated soundly in 1932

1430
01:39:50,360 --> 01:39:52,320
by the Democratic candidate
Franklin Roosevelt,

1431
01:39:53,120 --> 01:39:55,160
which immediately launches its New Deal,

1432
01:39:55,320 --> 01:39:58,200
while Chaplin is in full swing
preparation for Modern Times.

1433
01:39:58,360 --> 01:39:59,520
Charlie is a strong supporter

1434
01:39:59,680 --> 01:40:01,640
planning policy
of Roosevelt.

1435
01:40:02,280 --> 01:40:04,920
"America's Most Inspired Era",
he wrote.

1436
01:40:05,080 --> 01:40:07,760
Like Roosevelt,
Chaplin will be accused of broadcasting

1437
01:40:07,920 --> 01:40:09,840
dangerous progressive ideas.

1438
01:40:10,000 --> 01:40:11,280
"Communist propaganda",

1439
01:40:11,440 --> 01:40:13,080
decree in concert
Nazi Germany

1440
01:40:13,240 --> 01:40:14,400
and fascist Italy.

1441
01:40:16,000 --> 01:40:18,240
Modern Times, which came out in 1936,

1442
01:40:18,400 --> 01:40:20,480
will forever mark consciences.

1443
01:40:20,640 --> 01:40:23,480
From now on, when we talk
assembly line work,

1444
01:40:23,640 --> 01:40:26,360
it's Charlot and this film
that we will think.

1445
01:41:19,480 --> 01:41:20,640
In this world of automatons,

1446
01:41:20,800 --> 01:41:23,400
only two rebellious spirits
are alive.

1447
01:41:23,560 --> 01:41:26,000
They will find each other
and they will love each other.

1448
01:41:26,160 --> 01:41:27,960
The wanderer, the wanderer,

1449
01:41:28,120 --> 01:41:30,080
his partner in Modern Times.

1450
01:41:31,000 --> 01:41:33,320
“I imagined the meeting
of Charlot and the girl

1451
01:41:33,480 --> 01:41:35,160
"in a crowded police car,

1452
01:41:35,320 --> 01:41:38,600
"the vagabond showing himself to be very gallant
and offering him his place.

1453
01:41:38,760 --> 01:41:40,040
"It was the basis from which

1454
01:41:40,200 --> 01:41:42,720
"I could build
a plot and find gags."

1455
01:41:43,520 --> 01:41:45,520
Her name is Paulette Goddard.

1456
01:41:46,120 --> 01:41:50,120
Charlie met her on her return
travel, in July 1932.

1457
01:41:50,280 --> 01:41:52,640
She is 22 years old.
A great love will be born,

1458
01:41:53,280 --> 01:41:56,160
one of the happiest relationships
that Charlie will know.

1459
01:41:56,320 --> 01:41:58,200
She will become his third wife

1460
01:41:58,360 --> 01:42:01,120
and his muse, his inspiration
when he's out of ideas.

1461
01:42:02,160 --> 01:42:03,200
"For her as for me,

1462
01:42:03,360 --> 01:42:06,400
"it was a bit like Robinson Crusoe
discovering Friday."

1463
01:42:12,480 --> 01:42:13,840
As for City Lights,

1464
01:42:14,000 --> 01:42:16,520
Chaplin still does not give up
facing the speaker.

1465
01:42:16,680 --> 01:42:18,560
However, for the first time,

1466
01:42:18,720 --> 01:42:21,880
we will hear Charlot's voice
in a Chaplin film.

1467
01:42:22,040 --> 01:42:24,600
But final pirouette
to the Hollywood industry,

1468
01:42:24,760 --> 01:42:26,240
he doesn't speak, he sings

1469
01:42:27,000 --> 01:42:29,400
in an imaginary language
and universal.

1470
01:45:34,400 --> 01:45:38,240
Chaplin, Hitler, 1889.

1471
01:45:38,400 --> 01:45:40,000
The two men
were born the same year,

1472
01:45:40,160 --> 01:45:42,240
the same month, the same week.

1473
01:45:42,400 --> 01:45:45,160
But Chaplin was famous
long before Hitler.

1474
01:45:45,320 --> 01:45:47,760
"The first time I saw Hitler
with this little mustache",

1475
01:45:47,920 --> 01:45:49,040
Charlie will confide,

1476
01:45:49,200 --> 01:45:52,080
"I told myself that he was imitating me
and that he was profiting from my success.

1477
01:45:52,240 --> 01:45:54,240
"That's telling you
if I'm full of myself."

1478
01:45:55,480 --> 01:45:57,880
Chaplin did not forget
his trip to Europe.

1479
01:45:58,040 --> 01:46:00,040
When he went to Berlin in 1931,

1480
01:46:00,200 --> 01:46:02,160
the Nazi party is already powerful.

1481
01:46:02,960 --> 01:46:04,560
"Patriotism is rampant everywhere,

1482
01:46:04,720 --> 01:46:08,080
"and the result will be
a new war", he wrote then.

1483
01:46:09,000 --> 01:46:11,280
Nine years later, in 1940,

1484
01:46:11,440 --> 01:46:14,080
in the propaganda film
Der Ewige Jude,

1485
01:46:14,240 --> 01:46:15,920
The eternal Jew,

1486
01:46:16,080 --> 01:46:19,000
the Third Reich will use
images of his triumphant tour.

1487
01:46:41,640 --> 01:46:43,280
In February 1936,

1488
01:46:43,440 --> 01:46:46,360
Goebbels prohibits exit
of modern times in Germany

1489
01:46:46,520 --> 01:46:48,280
and the Nazi press boos

1490
01:46:48,440 --> 01:46:51,360
this little Jewish acrobat
disgusting and repulsive.

1491
01:46:53,640 --> 01:46:55,760
Jewish Chaplin, no!

1492
01:46:55,920 --> 01:46:57,360
Chaplin is not Jewish,

1493
01:46:57,520 --> 01:46:59,360
but many see it that way.

1494
01:46:59,520 --> 01:47:00,960
In the midst of an anti-Semitic outburst,

1495
01:47:01,120 --> 01:47:02,360
Charlie does not want to deny,

1496
01:47:02,520 --> 01:47:04,440
it would be
playing into the hands of the Hitlerites.

1497
01:47:04,600 --> 01:47:07,680
Sometimes he just responds
to those who question him:

1498
01:47:07,840 --> 01:47:10,440
“Jew? No, I don’t have that honor.

1499
01:47:10,600 --> 01:47:12,360
"But I would have been
very proud to be."

1500
01:47:13,800 --> 01:47:16,840
In Los Angeles, Chaplin rubs shoulders with
many Jewish artists.

1501
01:47:17,000 --> 01:47:19,040
He is passionate
for Yiddish theater.

1502
01:47:19,200 --> 01:47:21,800
He binds himself with intellectuals
who fled Nazi Germany

1503
01:47:21,960 --> 01:47:24,320
and who inform him
persecution of the Jews.

1504
01:47:24,480 --> 01:47:25,120
Very early,

1505
01:47:25,280 --> 01:47:28,520
he realizes the danger
what Hitler represents to the world.

1506
01:47:33,960 --> 01:47:35,520
Chaplin can no longer remain silent.

1507
01:47:35,680 --> 01:47:38,680
He is summoned to speak
and gets to work.

1508
01:47:38,840 --> 01:47:41,520
One of the longest scripts
of Hollywood history.

1509
01:47:41,680 --> 01:47:44,040
Two years of writing, 300 pages.

1510
01:47:44,200 --> 01:47:47,240
His first dialogue film:
The Dictator.

1511
01:47:48,040 --> 01:47:50,760
A film that Chaplin decides
to achieve against all odds.

1512
01:47:51,480 --> 01:47:52,800
A race against time.

1513
01:47:53,040 --> 01:47:56,600
He finishes his script
on November 10, 1938,

1514
01:47:56,760 --> 01:47:58,840
the day after the outburst
of Kristallnacht,

1515
01:47:59,560 --> 01:48:03,560
gigantic organized pogrom
by the SA throughout Germany.

1516
01:48:03,720 --> 01:48:05,600
Jews murdered, imprisoned,

1517
01:48:05,760 --> 01:48:08,680
synagogues burned,
stores looted by the thousands.

1518
01:48:16,240 --> 01:48:18,680
"This story unfolds
between two world wars,

1519
01:48:18,840 --> 01:48:20,520
"a time when madness was unleashed,

1520
01:48:20,680 --> 01:48:22,040
“freedom was taking a nosedive

1521
01:48:22,200 --> 01:48:24,240
"and humanity
was badly shaken."

1522
01:48:24,400 --> 01:48:26,000
These are the first words of the film.

1523
01:48:39,480 --> 01:48:42,800
Charlie reconstructs the Jewish ghetto
in his Hollywood studios,

1524
01:48:42,960 --> 01:48:45,320
as evidenced by
these exceptional amateur images

1525
01:48:45,480 --> 01:48:47,920
color tours
by his brother Sydney.

1526
01:48:48,080 --> 01:48:52,000
In the background, we can see the cars
traveling on Sunset Boulevard.

1527
01:48:52,160 --> 01:48:54,680
It is September 9, 1939,

1528
01:48:55,280 --> 01:48:57,080
Hitler invaded Poland.

1529
01:48:57,240 --> 01:48:59,600
The filming of The Dictator
just started

1530
01:48:59,760 --> 01:49:01,280
and a new Great War
was declared

1531
01:49:01,440 --> 01:49:02,880
six days earlier in Europe.

1532
01:49:05,040 --> 01:49:07,600
Charlie knows it:
his film will be historic.

1533
01:49:17,280 --> 01:49:20,640
An increasingly dark scenario.
A dark story.

1534
01:49:21,440 --> 01:49:25,120
The story of a little fish
in a shark-infested ocean.

1535
01:49:30,680 --> 01:49:34,040
Charlie plays two roles,
the shark and the little fish.

1536
01:49:34,200 --> 01:49:36,680
The little fish,
he is the Jewish barber.

1537
01:49:36,840 --> 01:49:37,880
"Any resemblance

1538
01:49:38,040 --> 01:49:40,160
"between the dictator Hynkel
and the Jewish barber

1539
01:49:40,320 --> 01:49:44,040
"is just a coincidence",
warns Chaplin in the film's preamble.

1540
01:49:45,320 --> 01:49:47,280
The dictator and the hairdresser,

1541
01:49:48,360 --> 01:49:50,440
but above all, Hitler and Chaplin.

1542
01:49:51,280 --> 01:49:53,000
Pastiches and hairpieces.

1543
01:49:53,160 --> 01:49:54,240
A duel at the top

1544
01:49:54,400 --> 01:49:56,920
between the two characters
the best known in the world.

1545
01:49:57,080 --> 01:49:59,960
The man who makes you laugh
facing the scary man.

1546
01:50:13,320 --> 01:50:15,720
"Like all actors,
I dreamed of playing Napoleon.

1547
01:50:15,880 --> 01:50:17,640
“But I got rid of that desire

1548
01:50:17,800 --> 01:50:21,480
"by combining in a single character
Napoleon, Hitler

1549
01:50:21,640 --> 01:50:23,360
"and that crazy Russian tsar.

1550
01:50:24,760 --> 01:50:27,600
"It allowed me to satisfy
unfulfilled desires."

1551
01:50:28,880 --> 01:50:31,040
Chaplin is fascinated by despots.

1552
01:50:31,720 --> 01:50:32,920
To prepare The Dictator,

1553
01:50:33,080 --> 01:50:35,760
he looks attentively
news images

1554
01:50:35,920 --> 01:50:38,280
and the movies
by director Leni Riefenstahl

1555
01:50:38,440 --> 01:50:39,880
which feature the führer.

1556
01:50:40,040 --> 01:50:42,880
He is captivated
by its hold on the masses.

1557
01:50:52,840 --> 01:50:55,680
"This son of a bitch is one of the most
great actors I have ever seen",

1558
01:50:55,840 --> 01:50:57,120
Charlie exclaims.

1559
01:50:57,560 --> 01:50:58,960
He is stunned.

1560
01:51:03,080 --> 01:51:05,920
“Inspiration suddenly came to me.
Of course,

1561
01:51:06,080 --> 01:51:07,280
"in the role of Hitler,

1562
01:51:07,440 --> 01:51:10,800
"I could harangue the crowds
in a jargon of my invention."

1563
01:51:46,920 --> 01:51:50,600
"I want The Dictator to show
the incredible madness of men,

1564
01:51:50,760 --> 01:51:53,800
"as soon as appears on the horizon
an individual who speaks loudly,

1565
01:51:53,960 --> 01:51:55,800
"projects astonishing ideas

1566
01:51:55,960 --> 01:51:58,520
"and supports his words with great
punches on the table."

1567
01:52:38,760 --> 01:52:41,840
"How can you laugh at Hitler
and anti-Semitic persecution?"

1568
01:52:42,000 --> 01:52:44,560
"Chaplin's SAs resemble
to the cops the Keystone",

1569
01:52:44,720 --> 01:52:46,040
some are indignant.

1570
01:52:46,920 --> 01:52:48,880
"The only way to survive
to our ills,

1571
01:52:49,040 --> 01:52:51,680
"it's precisely to laugh about it",
Charlie replies.

1572
01:52:56,640 --> 01:52:58,760
But much later, in 1964,

1573
01:52:59,400 --> 01:53:01,640
Charlie will write
in his autobiography:

1574
01:53:02,520 --> 01:53:05,880
"If I had known the real horror
German concentration camps,

1575
01:53:06,040 --> 01:53:08,120
"I could not have realized
The Dictator.

1576
01:53:08,280 --> 01:53:10,360
"I would have been incapable
to make fun of

1577
01:53:10,520 --> 01:53:11,800
“the murderous madness of the Nazis.”

1578
01:53:24,680 --> 01:53:26,720
However, several images from the film

1579
01:53:26,880 --> 01:53:29,480
will be precise
gripping documentary

1580
01:53:29,760 --> 01:53:30,880
and some dialogues

1581
01:53:31,040 --> 01:53:32,920
of a disturbing
anticipatory scope.

1582
01:53:42,320 --> 01:53:43,000
Gently.

1583
01:54:01,800 --> 01:54:03,720
Chaplin's audacity is disturbing.

1584
01:54:03,880 --> 01:54:07,240
The English consulate is worried
in a report to the Foreign Office

1585
01:54:07,400 --> 01:54:09,440
of his fanatical enthusiasm,

1586
01:54:09,600 --> 01:54:12,040
of his sympathies
social and racial,

1587
01:54:12,200 --> 01:54:14,800
and personalities
that he would be ridiculed.

1588
01:54:15,600 --> 01:54:18,520
If Roosevelt supports him,
many would like to prevent it

1589
01:54:18,680 --> 01:54:20,560
to get started
in this crazy business.

1590
01:54:20,720 --> 01:54:22,480
Anti-Semitic America, of course,

1591
01:54:22,680 --> 01:54:24,240
but another America is alarmed,

1592
01:54:24,400 --> 01:54:26,960
isolationist and very majority,

1593
01:54:27,120 --> 01:54:30,280
who doesn't want to go to war
and seeks to spare the Reich.

1594
01:54:31,640 --> 01:54:33,280
Above all, no waves.

1595
01:54:34,240 --> 01:54:35,240
In Hollywood,

1596
01:54:35,400 --> 01:54:38,400
Jewish producers
seek to dissuade him.

1597
01:54:38,560 --> 01:54:40,320
They do business
with Nazi Germany

1598
01:54:40,480 --> 01:54:42,360
and with fascist Italy.

1599
01:54:42,520 --> 01:54:45,560
"Listen, Charlie, you're going to give back
the life of our people is impossible there.

1600
01:54:45,720 --> 01:54:47,840
“Hitler will be furious.”

1601
01:54:48,000 --> 01:54:49,520
But Chaplin is inflexible.

1602
01:54:49,680 --> 01:54:50,680
"Let him get angry,

1603
01:54:50,840 --> 01:54:52,880
"this cannot
be worse than today."

1604
01:54:53,640 --> 01:54:56,000
He ignores threats
censorship or boycott,

1605
01:54:56,160 --> 01:54:58,160
in the United States and abroad.

1606
01:54:58,320 --> 01:55:02,200
"I will distribute the film myself,
I will rent rooms, if necessary.

1607
01:55:02,360 --> 01:55:04,480
"What does it matter if I lose money
with this film.

1608
01:55:04,640 --> 01:55:05,480
"I'm 50 years old,

1609
01:55:05,640 --> 01:55:08,520
"what's the point of having worked
all my life and known success

1610
01:55:08,680 --> 01:55:10,720
"if I can't make my films
as I understand it?"

1611
01:55:12,440 --> 01:55:14,360
Charlie feels a duty.

1612
01:55:14,520 --> 01:55:16,840
He refuses to tone down his remarks.

1613
01:55:17,000 --> 01:55:20,680
He will call the Jews by their name
and he will face the fuhrer.

1614
01:56:24,160 --> 01:56:27,000
Without doubt this dance of the globe
is she the memory of a number

1615
01:56:27,160 --> 01:56:30,320
that Charlie liked to perform in private
in the 1920s.

1616
01:56:54,000 --> 01:56:55,680
If he has not forgotten the pantomime,

1617
01:56:55,840 --> 01:56:58,520
humor now also comes through
dialogues and puns,

1618
01:56:58,680 --> 01:56:59,440
like Groucho Marx.

1619
01:57:07,680 --> 01:57:09,920
On November 15, 1939,

1620
01:57:10,080 --> 01:57:11,840
Charlie has a visit from a friend,

1621
01:57:12,000 --> 01:57:15,920
his friend Douglas Fairbanks,
his dear Doug, his best audience.

1622
01:57:18,000 --> 01:57:20,680
“I thought he had aged
and seemed preoccupied.

1623
01:57:20,840 --> 01:57:22,680
"But he was always
so warm."

1624
01:57:23,720 --> 01:57:26,600
Charlie can't wait
to show him the finished film.

1625
01:57:26,760 --> 01:57:29,240
But Douglas Fairbanks
will never see The Dictator.

1626
01:57:30,000 --> 01:57:33,000
He died four weeks later
of a heart attack.

1627
01:57:33,920 --> 01:57:36,800
Chaplin will never find
such friendship.

1628
01:57:44,280 --> 01:57:47,480
The filming of The Dictator continues,
war too.

1629
01:57:48,200 --> 01:57:51,960
France has just capitulated.
England fights with its back to the wall,

1630
01:57:52,120 --> 01:57:55,160
and the atmosphere on set
is getting heavier and heavier.

1631
01:57:55,320 --> 01:57:57,120
No one wants to laugh anymore.

1632
01:57:58,080 --> 01:58:00,160
"Finish your film,
everyone is waiting for it",

1633
01:58:00,320 --> 01:58:03,080
telegraphs the New York office
Associated Artists.

1634
01:58:03,840 --> 01:58:05,840
Faced with Hitler's sinister advance,

1635
01:58:06,000 --> 01:58:08,240
Chaplin's face
becomes more serious,

1636
01:58:08,400 --> 01:58:09,720
his tone is less light.

1637
01:58:09,880 --> 01:58:12,720
The news catches up with him
and exceeds it.

1638
01:58:12,880 --> 01:58:14,680
It's haunted
by the message of his film

1639
01:58:15,280 --> 01:58:18,240
and by this last scene,
this final speech which obsesses him,

1640
01:58:18,400 --> 01:58:22,200
that he keeps rewriting
against the advice of his entire team.

1641
01:58:53,160 --> 01:58:57,080
Recording the sequence
took place on June 24, 1940.

1642
01:58:57,960 --> 01:59:00,840
The day before, at dawn,
Hitler entered Paris.

1643
01:59:01,480 --> 01:59:03,040
But it's not the Jewish barber

1644
01:59:03,200 --> 01:59:06,120
nor the dictator Hynkel
who takes the podium.

1645
01:59:06,280 --> 01:59:08,000
It’s Chaplin who speaks.

1646
02:00:16,280 --> 02:00:18,200
The clown becomes a prophet.

1647
02:00:18,360 --> 02:00:21,000
The march of the world
forced Chaplin to speak.

1648
02:00:21,760 --> 02:00:23,320
The Dictator is my first film

1649
02:00:23,480 --> 02:00:26,120
where the story is bigger
than the little wanderer.

1650
02:00:27,040 --> 02:00:30,640
Charlie sacrifices his character,
Charlot has just died.

1651
02:00:30,800 --> 02:00:33,840
He throws away the mask.
Another face appears,

1652
02:00:34,480 --> 02:00:36,680
that of Charles Spencer Chaplin.

1653
02:00:37,960 --> 02:00:40,680
And it's Hannah's
which he addresses at the end of the film.

1654
02:00:40,840 --> 02:00:44,640
Hannah, the first name given to the character
performed by Paulette Goddard.

1655
02:00:44,800 --> 02:00:46,880
Hannah,
Charlie's mother's first name.

1656
02:01:11,200 --> 02:01:14,040
“I directed The Dictator
for Jews all over the world",

1657
02:01:14,200 --> 02:01:15,320
Chaplin will say.

1658
02:01:15,880 --> 02:01:18,680
First major anti-Nazi film
of the history of cinema,

1659
02:01:18,840 --> 02:01:21,640
The Dictator
is a global event,

1660
02:01:21,800 --> 02:01:24,760
an unparalleled political satire,
his biggest success.

1661
02:01:25,280 --> 02:01:26,960
The premiere takes place in New York

1662
02:01:27,120 --> 02:01:29,360
October 15, 1940.

1663
02:01:29,520 --> 02:01:32,040
The film is released in London
two months later.

1664
02:01:32,200 --> 02:01:33,520
In the middle of a blitzkrieg,

1665
02:01:33,680 --> 02:01:36,160
Chaplin cheers up
of his compatriots.

1666
02:01:37,440 --> 02:01:38,320
As for the French,

1667
02:01:38,480 --> 02:01:41,360
they will not discover The Dictator
that five years later,

1668
02:01:41,520 --> 02:01:44,400
at the end of the war, in April 1945.

1669
02:01:51,080 --> 02:01:54,440
Visionary and solitary,
courageous and stubborn,

1670
02:01:54,600 --> 02:01:56,320
at a crucial moment in history,

1671
02:01:56,480 --> 02:01:58,800
Chaplin defended
democracy and freedom.

1672
02:01:58,960 --> 02:02:01,920
"My film is by definition
anti-militarist.

1673
02:02:02,080 --> 02:02:03,600
“His only weapon is laughter.”

1674
02:02:03,760 --> 02:02:07,840
Laughter, but also
his immense popularity and fortune

1675
02:02:08,000 --> 02:02:09,920
which he put at the service of his ideal.

1676
02:02:10,080 --> 02:02:12,440
"Charlie Chaplin helped
men to live",

1677
02:02:12,600 --> 02:02:15,760
wrote François Truffaut in 1957.

1678
02:02:18,520 --> 02:02:20,760
The Dictator has good
triumph on the screens,

1679
02:02:20,920 --> 02:02:22,680
the American press
is choosy,

1680
02:02:22,840 --> 02:02:24,840
baffled by this final plea

1681
02:02:25,000 --> 02:02:27,360
which she finds out of place
and sentimentalist.

1682
02:02:27,520 --> 02:02:29,280
Others consider him Marxist,

1683
02:02:29,440 --> 02:02:32,480
but the only Marx
that Charlie hangs out with is Groucho.

1684
02:02:52,240 --> 02:02:55,120
In Hollywood,
Chaplin is no longer unanimous.

1685
02:02:55,280 --> 02:02:58,720
Like the beginning of hostility,
Charlie remembers:

1686
02:02:58,880 --> 02:03:02,040
"The mood began to change,
first small spades,

1687
02:03:02,200 --> 02:03:04,880
"sarcasm,
anecdotes about my greed,

1688
02:03:05,040 --> 02:03:07,520
"then unpleasant rumors
about Paulette and me."

1689
02:03:08,160 --> 02:03:10,840
Paulette Goddard
from whom he will eventually divorce

1690
02:03:11,000 --> 02:03:12,840
after eight years of living together.

1691
02:03:14,760 --> 02:03:17,880
Charlie's Sky
will continue to darken.

1692
02:03:18,040 --> 02:03:20,080
On May 18, 1942,

1693
02:03:20,240 --> 02:03:23,520
he speaks at a meeting
for Russian war relief.

1694
02:03:23,680 --> 02:03:24,600
He calls America

1695
02:03:24,760 --> 02:03:27,240
to get more involved
alongside the Soviet Union.

1696
02:03:36,120 --> 02:03:38,680
In front of 10,000 people,
Charlie bursts into flames.

1697
02:03:38,840 --> 02:03:42,120
"Comrades, the communists
are no different from us.

1698
02:03:42,280 --> 02:03:44,120
"Whether they lose an arm or a leg,

1699
02:03:44,280 --> 02:03:47,120
"They suffer like the rest of us
and die like the rest of us.

1700
02:03:47,280 --> 02:03:48,520
“The Russians are our allies.”

1701
02:03:56,320 --> 02:03:59,880
Freedom of tone and audacity
of Chaplin had always paid.

1702
02:04:00,040 --> 02:04:02,040
From now on,
he was the one who was going to pay.

1703
02:04:04,160 --> 02:04:05,640
Since 1922,

1704
02:04:05,800 --> 02:04:08,120
the American government
interested in the Chaplin case

1705
02:04:08,280 --> 02:04:10,400
and his communist associations.

1706
02:04:10,560 --> 02:04:14,320
The FBI tirelessly spies on him,
wiretap him,

1707
02:04:14,480 --> 02:04:15,840
monitors his comings and goings,

1708
02:04:16,000 --> 02:04:18,320
his political relationships
and sexual.

1709
02:04:18,480 --> 02:04:20,520
However, Chaplin will confess:

1710
02:04:20,680 --> 02:04:23,120
"During my work,
women never interested me.

1711
02:04:23,280 --> 02:04:25,800
"It was only between two films,
when I had nothing to do,

1712
02:04:25,960 --> 02:04:27,520
“that I was vulnerable.”

1713
02:04:27,680 --> 02:04:29,640
Those around him are panicked
at the idea of the emergence

1714
02:04:29,840 --> 02:04:32,080
a new Mildred Harris affair
or Lita Grey,

1715
02:04:32,240 --> 02:04:33,960
his first two wives.

1716
02:04:34,120 --> 02:04:35,840
Justified concern.

1717
02:04:36,000 --> 02:04:37,880
Her name is Joan Barry.

1718
02:04:38,040 --> 02:04:41,360
She is 22 years old
and revolves around Chaplin.

1719
02:04:41,520 --> 02:04:43,720
"A tall and beautiful young woman,
well built,

1720
02:04:43,880 --> 02:04:46,000
"with regional curves
from the upper part

1721
02:04:46,160 --> 02:04:47,680
"extremely developed,

1722
02:04:47,840 --> 02:04:50,520
"what awakened
my libidinous curiosity."

1723
02:04:51,240 --> 02:04:53,320
Charlie opens it for him
the gates of Hollywood

1724
02:04:53,480 --> 02:04:55,000
and his bedroom.

1725
02:04:55,600 --> 02:04:59,280
But Joan is unpredictable,
soon dangerous and uncontrollable.

1726
02:04:59,440 --> 02:05:02,960
State of intoxication, attack of dementia,
telephone harassment,

1727
02:05:03,120 --> 02:05:05,960
intrusion and broken windows,
threats with weapons,

1728
02:05:06,120 --> 02:05:08,280
scandal and money blackmail.

1729
02:05:08,440 --> 02:05:10,560
She says she is pregnant with Chaplin.

1730
02:05:10,720 --> 02:05:12,320
Paternity suit.

1731
02:05:12,480 --> 02:05:15,640
"The Barry affair is just a pretext
to discredit myself with the public,

1732
02:05:15,800 --> 02:05:17,400
"stop me from making films

1733
02:05:17,560 --> 02:05:19,360
"and drive me out of a country
for which my two sons

1734
02:05:19,520 --> 02:05:20,640
"are currently fighting
abroad.

1735
02:05:21,160 --> 02:05:23,640
“This is
of political persecution."

1736
02:05:23,800 --> 02:05:26,440
Taking fingerprints
under the photographers' flashes,

1737
02:05:26,600 --> 02:05:28,600
Chaplin is furious, humiliated.

1738
02:05:28,760 --> 02:05:30,360
He will remember it 12 years later,

1739
02:05:30,520 --> 02:05:32,600
when he settles his accounts
with America

1740
02:05:32,760 --> 02:05:35,160
in A King in New York, in 1957.

1741
02:05:54,720 --> 02:05:58,640
This film will remain banned
in the United States until 1973.

1742
02:06:00,120 --> 02:06:03,400
Joan Barry's child,
born in October 1943,

1743
02:06:03,560 --> 02:06:06,280
is presented in court
as evidence

1744
02:06:06,440 --> 02:06:09,160
and Charlie's sex life
delivered to pasture again.

1745
02:06:10,000 --> 02:06:11,920
Accused of diverted pimping,

1746
02:06:12,080 --> 02:06:14,280
he faces 23 years in prison.

1747
02:06:14,440 --> 02:06:16,160
The FBI appoints the judge

1748
02:06:16,320 --> 02:06:18,480
and pays secretly
Joan Barry's lawyer,

1749
02:06:18,640 --> 02:06:21,320
who treats Chaplin
old grey-headed birds of prey,

1750
02:06:21,480 --> 02:06:25,000
of small pig, of carrion,
of a lecherous and depraved dog,

1751
02:06:25,160 --> 02:06:27,440
a sordid and sinister grand puppet.

1752
02:06:29,120 --> 02:06:30,920
But the blood tests are clear,

1753
02:06:31,080 --> 02:06:32,880
Chaplin is not
the girl's father.

1754
02:06:33,040 --> 02:06:34,440
He is acquitted.

1755
02:06:34,600 --> 02:06:37,120
However, by a mysterious
legal reversal

1756
02:06:37,280 --> 02:06:38,640
and a second trial,

1757
02:06:38,800 --> 02:06:42,440
he will be ordered to pay a pension
to the child until he or she turns 21.

1758
02:06:44,240 --> 02:06:46,840
Charlie no longer recognizes
the America he loved.

1759
02:06:47,520 --> 02:06:49,160
A star will come
warm his heart.

1760
02:06:49,880 --> 02:06:51,760
She will shine
until the end of his life.

1761
02:06:51,920 --> 02:06:53,440
She is a beginner actress.

1762
02:06:53,600 --> 02:06:56,200
She is the girl
by playwright Eugene O'Neill.

1763
02:06:56,360 --> 02:06:58,520
Oona O'Neill becomes Oona Chaplin

1764
02:06:58,680 --> 02:07:00,840
June 16, 1943.

1765
02:07:01,000 --> 02:07:03,360
She is 18, he is 54.

1766
02:07:03,960 --> 02:07:05,800
Together they would have eight children.

1767
02:07:05,960 --> 02:07:08,200
Oona will give up
to her acting career

1768
02:07:08,360 --> 02:07:10,080
and will not play
in the next Chaplin,

1769
02:07:10,240 --> 02:07:13,280
which was released on screens in 1947.

1770
02:07:29,640 --> 02:07:32,360
This new comedy
is a murder comedy.

1771
02:07:32,520 --> 02:07:35,680
Before calling himself Monsieur Verdoux,
the film was titled

1772
02:07:35,840 --> 02:07:38,960
The Lady Killer, Landru,
then Bluebeard.

1773
02:07:52,760 --> 02:07:56,400
"Verdoux is a paradox of virtues
and vices,” wrote Chaplin.

1774
02:07:56,560 --> 02:07:58,920
"A man who,
while pruning his rose bushes,

1775
02:07:59,080 --> 02:08:00,640
"take care
not to walk on a caterpillar,

1776
02:08:01,240 --> 02:08:02,600
"while at the bottom of his garden,

1777
02:08:02,760 --> 02:08:05,720
"the body of one of his victims
burns in an incinerator."

1778
02:08:07,400 --> 02:08:11,000
For the first time,
Chaplin wears a real mustache.

1779
02:08:11,160 --> 02:08:14,320
He definitely gave up
his Charlot costume.

1780
02:08:14,480 --> 02:08:17,880
He trades burlesque
for macabre and British humor.

1781
02:08:18,040 --> 02:08:21,960
Change of character, tone,
of speeches and moral values,

1782
02:08:22,120 --> 02:08:24,600
Mr. Verdoux is
the antithesis of Charlot.

1783
02:08:24,760 --> 02:08:27,400
He is elegant, seductive,
smooth talker

1784
02:08:27,560 --> 02:08:30,440
but manipulative,
polygamous and criminal.

1785
02:08:34,360 --> 02:08:37,440
Chaplin seems animated
by misanthropy

1786
02:08:37,600 --> 02:08:39,040
coupled with misogyny.

1787
02:08:39,760 --> 02:08:42,560
The critic André Bazin will say
that with Mr. Verdoux,

1788
02:08:42,720 --> 02:08:44,880
Chaplin took revenge
of all alimony

1789
02:08:45,040 --> 02:08:46,560
that he had to pay.

1790
02:08:50,160 --> 02:08:53,360
"Verdoux is a diabolical satire
and violent social criticism",

1791
02:08:53,520 --> 02:08:56,800
wrote Chaplin, "who takes a smart
pleasure in pinning down the narrow life,

1792
02:08:56,960 --> 02:08:58,480
"and conformist of the bourgeois."

1793
02:08:59,720 --> 02:09:01,600
A joyous game of corrosive massacre.

1794
02:09:04,320 --> 02:09:06,560
The film was shot
one year after the bombings

1795
02:09:06,720 --> 02:09:08,360
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1796
02:09:08,520 --> 02:09:11,920
During the trial scene,
Chaplin - Verdoux speaks.

1797
02:09:42,640 --> 02:09:46,320
Before ascending to the scaffold,
Verdoux delivers his morals to the public.

1798
02:09:47,080 --> 02:09:48,880
"A murder makes a bandit,

1799
02:09:49,040 --> 02:09:52,600
“millions, a hero.
Numbers sanctify."

1800
02:09:57,560 --> 02:09:58,640
Success in Europe,

1801
02:09:58,800 --> 02:10:01,840
Mr. Verdoux will be
a commercial failure in America,

1802
02:10:02,000 --> 02:10:03,680
boycotted in many states

1803
02:10:03,840 --> 02:10:05,400
under pressure
Catholic leagues

1804
02:10:05,560 --> 02:10:07,160
and the American Legion,

1805
02:10:07,320 --> 02:10:09,760
who are offended
faced with this new provocation.

1806
02:10:13,800 --> 02:10:17,760
At the Broadway premiere
on April 11, 1947,

1807
02:10:17,920 --> 02:10:20,400
Chaplin receives boos from the audience.

1808
02:10:20,560 --> 02:10:21,760
"It costs me to admit it,

1809
02:10:21,920 --> 02:10:23,840
"but these few whistles
hurt me more

1810
02:10:24,000 --> 02:10:26,240
"that all the bad reviews
published in the press."

1811
02:10:26,920 --> 02:10:29,160
Because journalists, too,
are unleashed.

1812
02:10:29,320 --> 02:10:30,160
The next day,

1813
02:10:30,320 --> 02:10:33,240
never the press room
had never welcomed so many people.

1814
02:10:33,400 --> 02:10:34,560
It is Chaplin who opens fire.

1815
02:11:08,160 --> 02:11:10,520
Journalists continue
their interrogation:

1816
02:11:10,680 --> 02:11:12,080
“Do you know Hanns Eisler?”

1817
02:11:12,760 --> 02:11:15,120
"Yes, he is a very dear friend
and a great musician",

1818
02:11:15,280 --> 02:11:16,360
replies Charlie.

1819
02:11:17,640 --> 02:11:19,240
Eisler is at the same time questioned

1820
02:11:19,400 --> 02:11:22,160
by the commission
un-American activities.

1821
02:11:22,320 --> 02:11:24,120
Jewish, German and Marxist,

1822
02:11:24,280 --> 02:11:27,240
Hanns Eisler fled Nazism
in 1933.

1823
02:11:31,120 --> 02:11:34,040
The commission is investigating the presence
communist elements

1824
02:11:34,200 --> 02:11:37,800
which would corrupt society,
and especially Hollywood.

1825
02:11:37,960 --> 02:11:41,840
The composer is designated
like the Karl Marx of music.

1826
02:11:42,000 --> 02:11:45,440
Red peril, blacklist,
at the start of the cold war,

1827
02:11:45,600 --> 02:11:48,480
America launches
in a witch hunt.

1828
02:11:48,640 --> 02:11:51,440
Actors and filmmakers
do not hesitate to act as informers.

1829
02:11:52,840 --> 02:11:55,120
Chaplin's help will do nothing.

1830
02:11:55,280 --> 02:11:56,240
Accused of espionage,

1831
02:11:56,400 --> 02:11:59,120
Eisler is expelled from the United States
in 1948.

1832
02:11:59,760 --> 02:12:01,080
Charlie is overwhelmed.

1833
02:12:02,280 --> 02:12:05,560
It's his turn to be in the viewfinder
by J. Edgar Hoover.

1834
02:12:05,720 --> 02:12:08,080
Destabilization, defamation,

1835
02:12:08,240 --> 02:12:11,080
the indestructible boss of the FBI
don't let go.

1836
02:12:11,240 --> 02:12:14,960
Too independent, too popular,
Chaplin is his pet peeve.

1837
02:12:18,880 --> 02:12:20,080
A war of attrition,

1838
02:12:20,240 --> 02:12:22,920
the FBI, justice, the press,

1839
02:12:23,080 --> 02:12:25,800
America wants the skin
by Charles Spencer Chaplin.

1840
02:12:26,600 --> 02:12:28,600
On June 13, 1947,

1841
02:12:28,760 --> 02:12:31,760
a congressman asks
officially his expulsion from the country.

1842
02:12:32,200 --> 02:12:33,360
"His hateful films

1843
02:12:33,520 --> 02:12:36,040
"must not fall
before the eyes of our youth."

1844
02:12:38,680 --> 02:12:40,400
Chaplin is ready
to answer questions

1845
02:12:40,560 --> 02:12:42,680
of the commission
anti-American activities,

1846
02:12:42,840 --> 02:12:45,800
but he warns:
he will go there disguised as a Charlot.

1847
02:12:46,360 --> 02:12:48,960
The FBI will prefer
question him more discreetly

1848
02:12:49,120 --> 02:12:52,160
in his house in Beverly Hills,
four hours for four hours.

1849
02:12:52,320 --> 02:12:54,320
“Are you a communist?”
“Are you Jewish?”

1850
02:12:54,920 --> 02:12:56,800
“Have you ever committed adultery?”

1851
02:12:56,960 --> 02:12:59,800
"Why have you never asked
American citizenship?

1852
02:13:01,400 --> 02:13:04,440
"I am a citizen of the world
and I hate being told

1853
02:13:04,600 --> 02:13:06,680
"Who should I kill?
and for what I must die,

1854
02:13:06,840 --> 02:13:08,920
“and all in the name of patriotism.”

1855
02:13:11,360 --> 02:13:13,880
The Chaplin House
now seems very empty.

1856
02:13:14,040 --> 02:13:16,080
Invitations are becoming rarer.

1857
02:13:16,240 --> 02:13:18,600
His son Charlie Junior remembers:

1858
02:13:18,760 --> 02:13:21,400
"The green lawn and the little house
tennis that attracted

1859
02:13:21,600 --> 02:13:23,520
"so many courtiers,
on Sunday afternoon,

1860
02:13:23,680 --> 02:13:24,880
"had become deserted.

1861
02:13:25,040 --> 02:13:28,320
“My father was, at that time,
the loneliest man in Hollywood.

1862
02:13:28,480 --> 02:13:31,440
"Those who once adored him
turned away from him."

1863
02:13:32,720 --> 02:13:36,240
Charlie lives surrounded by affection
of Oona and her children.

1864
02:13:36,400 --> 02:13:40,360
He just finished a new film,
Limelight, Limelight.

1865
02:13:41,200 --> 02:13:42,480
But Chaplin insists on it,

1866
02:13:42,640 --> 02:13:45,560
this time, the world first
will take place in England.

1867
02:13:45,720 --> 02:13:48,160
The perfect opportunity to
finally discover to his family

1868
02:13:48,320 --> 02:13:49,960
the London of his childhood.

1869
02:13:53,360 --> 02:13:56,080
Do Charlie and Oona suspect
that this European tour

1870
02:13:56,240 --> 02:13:58,840
will keep them away forever
from Hollywood?

1871
02:13:59,440 --> 02:14:00,880
At the Cherbourg stopover of the liner

1872
02:14:01,040 --> 02:14:03,720
who drives him from New York
in England, his native country,

1873
02:14:03,880 --> 02:14:05,760
Charlie Chaplin, the great Tramp,

1874
02:14:05,920 --> 02:14:08,200
faces with a smile,
surrounded by his last wife

1875
02:14:08,360 --> 02:14:10,040
and his youngest children,

1876
02:14:10,200 --> 02:14:11,840
to the decision
of the Attorney General of the United States

1877
02:14:12,000 --> 02:14:14,200
who threatens him with an investigation
for communist activity.

1878
02:14:14,360 --> 02:14:18,200
Charlot has confidence, because he has nothing
the right to take seriously.

1879
02:14:19,160 --> 02:14:20,360
In the middle of the crossing,

1880
02:14:20,520 --> 02:14:23,360
Chaplin learned
that his return visa was cancelled.

1881
02:14:24,200 --> 02:14:26,840
After 40 years of work
in the United States,

1882
02:14:27,000 --> 02:14:29,640
the emigrant is sent home.
America doesn't want it anymore.

1883
02:14:29,800 --> 02:14:31,600
It's a real honeymoon

1884
02:14:31,760 --> 02:14:33,520
as Charlie Chaplin
opens in London

1885
02:14:33,680 --> 02:14:35,760
with his wife Oona.

1886
02:14:36,120 --> 02:14:38,640
Charlot had not returned
in his hometown for 20 years,

1887
02:14:38,800 --> 02:14:41,160
but she doesn't seem
hold it against him.

1888
02:14:59,440 --> 02:15:01,080
At the premiere
Limelight,

1889
02:15:01,240 --> 02:15:03,000
all of London is waiting for Chaplin.

1890
02:15:06,400 --> 02:15:09,360
Limelight is the nostalgic story
of a clown with past glory

1891
02:15:09,520 --> 02:15:10,880
that the public abandons.

1892
02:15:13,040 --> 02:15:16,760
Charlie's obsession,
this fear that never left him,

1893
02:15:16,920 --> 02:15:19,920
lose inspiration,
no longer be recognized in the street,

1894
02:15:20,080 --> 02:15:22,680
to be forgotten, out of fashion, rejected.

1895
02:15:23,680 --> 02:15:26,760
"I felt like I had
attracted the hatred of an entire country

1896
02:15:26,920 --> 02:15:28,960
"and that my career as a filmmaker
was finished."

1897
02:15:33,960 --> 02:15:37,400
Charlie knows: nothing can
never clear suspicion.

1898
02:15:38,000 --> 02:15:41,040
The trials and scandals endured
tarnished its image.

1899
02:15:41,600 --> 02:15:43,720
But England
is not America.

1900
02:15:59,560 --> 02:16:01,760
Alongside Charlie,
in the limelight,

1901
02:16:01,920 --> 02:16:04,680
the one who was once his equal,
Buster Keaton.

1902
02:16:05,560 --> 02:16:08,200
Limelight is beautiful
not to be the last Chaplin,

1903
02:16:08,360 --> 02:16:10,600
it resonates like a testament film.

1904
02:17:39,240 --> 02:17:42,320
After such a welcome,
Chaplin decides to stay in Europe.

1905
02:17:43,160 --> 02:17:45,120
"I don't want to go back
in the United States,

1906
02:17:45,280 --> 02:17:47,680
"even if Christ
became its president.

1907
02:17:47,840 --> 02:17:50,880
"For 15 years, I was harassed
calling me a communist.

1908
02:17:51,040 --> 02:17:52,960
"I was persecuted
like a criminal.

1909
02:17:53,120 --> 02:17:56,480
“I almost got 25 years
prison for white trafficking.

1910
02:17:56,640 --> 02:17:57,600
"I will never again allow

1911
02:17:57,760 --> 02:17:59,840
"the distribution of my films
in America.

1912
02:18:00,000 --> 02:18:03,040
“Yes, I am very bitter.
It is a gloomy country.

1913
02:18:03,200 --> 02:18:05,720
“We teach children there
hatred and denunciation

1914
02:18:05,880 --> 02:18:08,200
"in an atmosphere
religious hypocrisy."

1915
02:18:14,120 --> 02:18:15,960
It's in Switzerland
that the Chaplin family

1916
02:18:16,120 --> 02:18:18,200
will choose to put down his suitcases,

1917
02:18:18,360 --> 02:18:19,920
in a beautiful mansion,
near Lake Geneva,

1918
02:18:20,080 --> 02:18:22,400
some 20 kilometers from Lausanne.

1919
02:18:22,560 --> 02:18:25,280
A little earthly and fiscal paradise.

1920
02:18:26,480 --> 02:18:29,760
Chaplin will live there
the last 25 years of his life.

1921
02:18:29,920 --> 02:18:31,800
He will write there
his last two feature films

1922
02:18:31,960 --> 02:18:35,000
and also some music
of his very first achievements.

1923
02:18:35,160 --> 02:18:37,120
For the release of his film
The Circus,

1924
02:18:37,280 --> 02:18:40,680
he records at the age of 80
the credits song.

1925
02:19:10,600 --> 02:19:13,960
If Oona's first four children
and Charlie were born in California,

1926
02:19:14,120 --> 02:19:16,920
the next four
will be born in Switzerland.

1927
02:19:17,080 --> 02:19:19,280
Géraldine is the eldest of the siblings.

1928
02:19:20,480 --> 02:19:21,360
Does he write films?

1929
02:19:22,040 --> 02:19:24,560
Yes, finally, for now.

1930
02:19:24,720 --> 02:19:26,560
For seven years,
he writes his memoirs

1931
02:19:26,720 --> 02:19:28,360
which will be published soon.

1932
02:19:28,520 --> 02:19:30,520
And I don't know
what he will do next,

1933
02:19:30,680 --> 02:19:33,880
but I think he will do it again
a movie or something,

1934
02:19:34,040 --> 02:19:35,480
because he has to work.

1935
02:19:36,280 --> 02:19:38,160
"I can never
retire",

1936
02:19:38,320 --> 02:19:40,000
usually say Chaplin.

1937
02:19:41,360 --> 02:19:44,560
After A King in New York
and the writing of his autobiography,

1938
02:19:44,720 --> 02:19:48,160
he launches into his first film
in color and cinemascope,

1939
02:19:48,320 --> 02:19:49,760
format that he had criticized so much.

1940
02:19:51,040 --> 02:19:52,480
It will be his last.

1941
02:20:12,040 --> 02:20:14,160
Charlie will remain behind the lens.

1942
02:20:14,320 --> 02:20:16,080
He is 77 years old.

1943
02:20:16,920 --> 02:20:19,800
The film will be freshly received
by criticism.

1944
02:20:19,960 --> 02:20:22,360
This romantic comedy
although charming,

1945
02:20:22,520 --> 02:20:24,920
she looks pale
as they come out on the screens

1946
02:20:25,080 --> 02:20:26,720
The Winner, Bonnie and Clyde

1947
02:20:26,880 --> 02:20:29,640
and that Polanski realizes,
in this year 1967,

1948
02:20:29,800 --> 02:20:32,600
The Vampire Ball,
and Buñuel, Belle de jour.

1949
02:20:35,360 --> 02:20:38,840
Yesterday progressive,
Chaplin became a conservative.

1950
02:20:39,240 --> 02:20:40,120
“My poor Charlie,

1951
02:20:40,280 --> 02:20:42,360
"you really don't belong anymore
modern times",

1952
02:20:42,520 --> 02:20:44,600
written cruelly
a London newspaper.

1953
02:20:45,360 --> 02:20:49,080
“To work is to live,
and I love living,” replies Chaplin.

1954
02:20:50,760 --> 02:20:53,120
Old age attracts
tributes and honors,

1955
02:20:53,280 --> 02:20:55,480
a shower of decorations
and distinctions,

1956
02:20:55,640 --> 02:20:57,680
Cannes Film Festival, Venice Film Festival,

1957
02:20:57,920 --> 02:21:01,520
Charles will even be ennobled by the Queen
of England two years before his death.

1958
02:21:05,520 --> 02:21:08,320
And we will have to wait until 1972

1959
02:21:08,480 --> 02:21:10,520
so that the United States
remember him.

1960
02:21:10,680 --> 02:21:14,440
20 years after his banishment,
Chaplin is invited to America.

1961
02:21:15,120 --> 02:21:17,640
An honorary Oscar
must be awarded to him.

1962
02:21:17,800 --> 02:21:21,160
A very late repentance, he is 83 years old.

1963
02:21:21,320 --> 02:21:23,960
A visa on American territory
is granted to him,

1964
02:21:24,120 --> 02:21:26,000
ten days only.

1965
02:21:26,160 --> 02:21:30,000
“That’s good,” rejoices Charlie,
“They are still afraid of me.”

1966
02:21:38,640 --> 02:21:42,120
Two days before the ceremony,
a luncheon is held in his honor.

1967
02:21:42,760 --> 02:21:45,760
The one who was for decades
the darling of Hollywood

1968
02:21:45,920 --> 02:21:48,000
reunites with his old friend
Groucho Marx.

1969
02:21:55,600 --> 02:21:57,680
Then Chaplin is expected
in his old studios

1970
02:21:57,840 --> 02:22:00,400
from Sunset Boulevard,
where a reception is organized.

1971
02:22:01,360 --> 02:22:03,600
The limousine drives along La Brea Avenue,

1972
02:22:03,760 --> 02:22:06,560
but Charlie doesn't have the courage
to get out of the car.

1973
02:22:06,720 --> 02:22:08,240
Too many memories.

1974
02:22:09,840 --> 02:22:12,320
"If only young and old
could have been the same age",

1975
02:22:12,480 --> 02:22:13,400
he wrote.

1976
02:22:16,120 --> 02:22:18,960
On the evening of the Oscars ceremony,
Chaplin is tormented,

1977
02:22:19,680 --> 02:22:22,240
worried about the reception
which will be reserved for him.

1978
02:22:30,160 --> 02:22:31,280
Well done !

1979
02:22:31,440 --> 02:22:34,160
Well done ! Well done !

1980
02:22:51,800 --> 02:22:52,640
Oh, wonderful.

1981
02:23:00,080 --> 02:23:01,760
In the applauding crowd,

1982
02:23:01,920 --> 02:23:05,720
a man shared the poster
with Chaplin more than 50 years ago.

1983
02:23:05,880 --> 02:23:08,000
Charlot's first big success,

1984
02:23:08,160 --> 02:23:10,400
the Kid, Jackie Coogan.